{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T02:45:26Z","timestamp":1763865926324,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex surgical procedure associated with substantial postoperative risk. Despite its clinical significance, the lack of a standardized, cost-effective animal model hinders mechanistic research. Here, we aimed to establish a feasible and safe rat PD model. A simulated PD procedure was performed on Sprague\u2013Dawley rats, including pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), hepatojejunostomy (HJ), and gastrojejunostomy (GJ). The survival rate, surgical details, enzyme levels (amylase and lipase) and histopathological changes were analyzed. 7-day survival rate was 85.0% (51\/60, 95% CI 0.739\u20130.919). The mean operation duration was 74.9\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3\u00a0min (PJ: 10.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u00a0min; HJ: 9.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9\u00a0min; GJ: 14.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9\u00a0min). Histological analysis revealed pancreatic injury at postoperative day (POD) 1, transient acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) at POD3 and restoration of acinar architecture by POD 7. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining demonstrated early acinar apoptosis (C-caspase-3) at POD1-3, CK19 upregulation with reduced amylase at POD3, and re-emergence of acinar markers (amylase) by POD7. Postoperative serum and ascites amylase\/lipase levels were statistically elevated and recovered around day 5. This study successfully established a stable and economical rat PD model,\u00a0providing a practical platform for postoperative mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24072-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T13:31:43Z","timestamp":1763472703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a novel rat model for pancreaticoduodenectomy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yifei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yudong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"24072_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0133-6","volume":"12","author":"CY Tsai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsai, C. 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The paper is not based on a previous communication to a society or meeting. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Board of Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate section"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"40458"}}