{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:53:46Z","timestamp":1787957626379,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24261-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T14:34:37Z","timestamp":1763476477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Consanguineous marriages and low birth weight mediating role of antenatal care visits"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Usman","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambreen","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Ghani","family":"Khatir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Fazel","family":"Akbary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"24261_CR1","unstructured":"UNICEF. UNICEF data: monitoring the situation of children and women available from Apr, (2017). https:\/\/webcache.googleusercontent.com\/search?q=cache: xLTqZdN1qEIJ: https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topimaternal-health\/antenatal-care\/+ &cd\u2009=\u20091&hl\u2009=\u2009om&ct\u2009=\u2009clnk\u2277\u2009=\u2009et. Updated."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"24261_CR2","first-page":"209","volume":"122","author":"M Azhar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Azhar, M. et al. Nutritional management of low birth weight and preterm infants in low-and low middle-income countries. Neonatology 122 (Suppl. 1), 209\u2013223 (2025).","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"24261_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt304","volume":"179","author":"QA Class","year":"2014","unstructured":"Class, Q. A. et al. Birth weight, physical morbidity, and mortality: a population-based sibling-comparison study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 179 (5), 550\u2013558 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"24261_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-009-0528-4","volume":"14","author":"BO Olusanya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olusanya, B. O. & Ofovwe, G. E. Predictors of preterm births and low birthweight in an inner-city hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Matern. Child Health J. 14, 978\u2013986 (2010).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"issue":"5007","key":"24261_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2028254","volume":"252","author":"AH Bittles","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bittles, A. H. et al. Reproductive behavior and health in consanguineous marriages. Science 252 (5007), 789\u2013794 (1991).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"24261_CR6","unstructured":"Bittles, A. H. A Background Summary of Consanguineous Marriage (Center for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, 2001)."},{"issue":"5","key":"24261_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932012000016","volume":"44","author":"MM Islam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Islam, M. M. The practice of consanguineous marriage in oman: prevalence, trends and determinants. J. Biosoc. Sci. 44 (5), 571\u2013594 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Biosoc. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"24261_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/genealogy9030069","volume":"9","author":"G Popescu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Popescu, G. et al. Social and demographic determinants of consanguineous marriage: insights from a literature review. Genealogy 9 (3), 69 (2025).","journal-title":"Genealogy"},{"issue":"5","key":"24261_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70043","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70043","volume":"37","author":"MU Saleem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saleem, M. U. et al. Consanguineous marriages and child ever Born\u2014The moderating role of working women. Am. J. Hum. Biology. 37 (5), e70043 (2025).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biology"},{"key":"24261_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bittles, A. H. Consanguinity in Context63 (Cambridge University Press, 2012).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139015844"},{"issue":"2","key":"24261_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2011.07.001","volume":"12","author":"RM Shawky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shawky, R. M. et al. Consanguineous matings among Egyptian population. Egypt. J. Med. Hum. Genet. 12 (2), 157\u2013163 (2011).","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Med. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"24261_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932098002612","volume":"30","author":"R Hussain","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hussain, R. & Bittles, A. H. The prevalence and demographic characteristics of consanguineous marriages in Pakistan. J. Biosoc. Sci. 30 (2), 261\u2013275 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Biosoc. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"24261_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1994.tb00729.x","volume":"58","author":"E Tun\u00e7bilek","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tun\u00e7bilek, E. & Ko\u00e7, \u0130. Consanguineous marriage in Turkey and its impact on fertility and mortality. Ann. Hum. Genet. 58 (4), 321\u2013329 (1994).","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"24261_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03346-6","volume":"97","author":"C Amadou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amadou, C. et al. Long-term health in individuals born preterm or with low birth weight: A cohort study. Pediatr. Res. 97 (2), 577\u2013585 (2025).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"24261_CR15","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience (World Health Organization, 2016)."},{"issue":"9606","key":"24261_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","volume":"371","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldenberg, R. L. et al. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 371 (9606), 75\u201384 (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"24261_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002605","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-002605","volume":"5","author":"SR Lattof","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lattof, S. R. et al. Implementation of the new WHO antenatal care model for a positive pregnancy experience: a monitoring framework. BMJ Global Health. 5 (6), e002605 (2020).","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"24261_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1214","volume":"29","author":"E Sahin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahin, E., \u0130nciser Pa\u015falak, \u015e. & Seven, M. Consanguineous marriage and its effect on reproductive behavior and uptake of prenatal screening. J. Genet. Couns. 29 (5), 849\u2013856 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Genet. Couns."},{"issue":"11","key":"24261_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0260502","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260502","volume":"16","author":"MR Kabir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kabir, M. R. Adopting andersen\u2019s behavior model to identify factors influencing maternal healthcare service utilization in Bangladesh. PloS One. 16 (11), e0260502 (2021).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"S1","key":"24261_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304738","volume":"109","author":"NL Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones, N. L. et al. Life course approaches to the causes of health disparities. Am. J. Public Health. 109 (S1), S48\u2013S55 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"24261_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk108","volume":"165","author":"G Mumtaz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mumtaz, G. et al. Effect of consanguinity on birth weight for gestational age in a developing country. Am. J. Epidemiol. 165 (7), 742\u2013752 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"24261_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e251164","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.1164","volume":"8","author":"MKY Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong, M. K. Y. et al. Fertility of adults born very preterm or with very low birth weight. JAMA Netw. Open. 8 (3), e251164\u2013e251164 (2025).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"24261_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70006-8","volume":"1","author":"AC Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, A. C. et al. National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010. Lancet Global Health. 1 (1), e26\u2013e36 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"9938","key":"24261_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60496-7","volume":"384","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lawn, J. E. et al. Every newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. Lancet 384 (9938), 189\u2013205 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9832","key":"24261_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","volume":"379","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blencowe, H. et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet 379 (9832), 2162\u20132172 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"24261_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0318668","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318668","volume":"20","author":"R Nawaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nawaz, R. et al. Association between antenatal care visits and under-five mortality: an analysis of the Pakistan demographic and health surveys. PloS One. 20 (4), e0318668 (2025).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"24261_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625379","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1625379","volume":"13","author":"H Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim, H. et al. Incomplete antenatal care despite high coverage: geographic and. Front. Public. Health. 13, 1625379 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"24261_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24872","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-10020-2","volume":"15","author":"H Adam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adam, H. et al. Impact of major congenital anomalies on preterm birth and low birth weight. Sci. Rep. 15 (1), 24872 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"24261_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2001.600201.x","volume":"60","author":"AH Bittles","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bittles, A. H. Consanguinity and its relevance to clinical genetics. Clin. Genet. 60 (2), 89\u201398 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"24261_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01704-2","volume":"22","author":"S Iqbal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iqbal, S. et al. Consanguineous marriages and their association with women\u2019s reproductive health and fertility behavior in pakistan: secondary data analysis from demographic and health Surveys, 1990\u20132018. BMC Women\u2019s Health. 22 (1), 118 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"24261_CR31","unstructured":"Latif, A. et al. Association between consanguineous marriage and still birth: evidence from district Nankana Sahib Pakistan. Rawal Med. J., 48(1). (2023)."},{"issue":"6","key":"24261_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060676","volume":"10","author":"J Tariq","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tariq, J. et al. Factors associated with undernutrition in children under the age of two years: secondary data analysis based on the Pakistan demographic and health survey 2012\u20132013. Nutrients 10 (6), 676 (2018).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"24261_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.20.055","volume":"26","author":"S Bellizzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bellizzi, S. & Padrini, S. Quality utilization of antenatal care and low birth weight: evidence from 18 demographic health surveys. East. Mediterr. Health J. 26 (11), 1381\u20131387 (2020).","journal-title":"East. Mediterr. Health J."},{"key":"24261_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07053-4","volume":"21","author":"LS Mor\u00f3n-Duarte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mor\u00f3n-Duarte, L. S. et al. Quality of antenatal care and its sociodemographic determinants: results of the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort, Brazil. BMC Health Serv. Res. 21, 1\u201314 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"24261_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03260-9","volume":"20","author":"S Abedin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abedin, S. & Arunachalam, D. Maternal autonomy and high-risk pregnancy in bangladesh: the mediating influences of childbearing practices and antenatal care. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 20, 1\u20138 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"10","key":"24261_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109333","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109333","volume":"9","author":"GA Kayode","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kayode, G. A. et al. Contextual risk factors for low birth weight: a multilevel analysis. PloS One. 9 (10), e109333 (2014).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"24261_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-009-0553-3","volume":"15","author":"AA Channon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Channon, A. A., Padmadas, S. S. & McDonald, J. W. Measuring birth weight in developing countries: does the method of reporting in retrospective surveys matter? Matern. Child Health J. 15, 12\u201318 (2011).","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"issue":"1","key":"24261_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003732","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2025-003732","volume":"9","author":"MA Aga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aga, M. A. & Woldeamanuel, B. T. Nutritional and prenatal care factors associated with low birth weight among full-term infants in public hospitals of addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMJ Paediatrics Open. 9 (1), e003732 (2025).","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatrics Open."},{"key":"24261_CR39","first-page":"191","volume":"42 3","author":"CV Florey","year":"1994","unstructured":"Florey, C. V. & Taylor, D. J. The relation between antenatal care and birth weight. Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique. 42 3, 191\u2013197 (1994).","journal-title":"Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique"},{"issue":"4","key":"24261_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.9734\/ajmah\/2023\/v21i4806","volume":"21","author":"M Banik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banik, M. et al. Low birth weight and associated factors among newborn babies-A comparative cross-sectional study. Asian J. Med. Health. 21 (4), 32\u201341 (2023).","journal-title":"Asian J. Med. Health"},{"key":"24261_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-S2-A38","volume":"12","author":"MA Abdal Qader","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abdal Qader, M. A. et al. Influence of antenatal care on birth weight: a cross sectional study in Baghdad City, Iraq. BMC Public. Health. 12, A38\u2013A38 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"24261_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaikh, A. A. et al. A survey to analyze the need of genetic counseling among doctors in Lahore, Pakistan. J. Genetic Counseling, 34(2): p. e1990. (2025).","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1990"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-24261-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-24261-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-24261-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1763866942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-24261-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["24261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-24261-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40614"}}