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However, its skeletal fragmentation has long limited detailed morphological and behavioural study on the assemblage. In this study, we integrate palaeogenetic, isotopic, morphometric, and structural analyses of the long bones to assess the biological profiles of the Neandertals from Goyet and explore whether they present particularities that could shed light on the formation of this unique cannibalised assemblage. We identify a minimum of six individuals, including four adult or adolescent females. Compared to\n                    <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and Neandertals\u2014including regional specimens\u2014the females from Goyet display short statures and reduced diaphyseal robusticity of their long bones. They lack skeletal markers associated with high mobility despite isotopic evidence for non-local origins. The overrepresentation of short, morphologically gracile, non-local females, alongside two immature individuals, suggests a strong selection bias in the individuals present at the site. Dated between 41,000 and 45,000\u00a0years ago, a period marked by Neandertal cultural diversity, biological decline and the arrival of\n                    <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Northern Europe, the cannibalised female and juvenile Neandertals from Goyet indicate exocannibalism, possibly linked to inter-group conflict, territoriality, and\/or specific treatment of outsiders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24460-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:08:04Z","timestamp":1763554084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Highly selective cannibalism in the Late Pleistocene of Northern Europe reveals Neandertals were targeted prey"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Quentin","family":"Cosnefroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Crevecoeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Semal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateja","family":"Hajdinjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Bossoms Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido Alberto","family":"Gnecchi-Ruscone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"Posth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Bocherens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Devi\u00e8se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Rougier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"24460_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1007\/s10816-016-9306-y","volume":"24","author":"P Saladi\u00e9","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saladi\u00e9, P. & Rodr\u00edguez-Hidalgo, A. 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