{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:33:50Z","timestamp":1792794830313,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-25723-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T13:14:31Z","timestamp":1763990071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Floral visitor assemblages in medicinal Lamiaceae and nectar sugar dynamics of Ocimum sanctum in the North Western Himalayan region"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Rani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepali","family":"Bakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubham","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"25723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2010.18644.x","volume":"120","author":"J Ollerton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ollerton, J., Winfree, R. & Tarrant, S. How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos 120, 321\u2013326 (2011).","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"25723_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.01.007","volume":"25","author":"SG Potts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Potts, S. G. et al. Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 345\u2013353 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"25723_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.65323","volume":"4","author":"P Pattanayak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pattanayak, P., Behera, P., Das, D. & Panda, S. K. Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: an overview. Pharmacogn Rev. 4, 95\u2013105 (2010).","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Rev."},{"key":"25723_CR4","unstructured":"Verma, K. S., Thakur, N. S. & Rana, R. C. Agroforestry integration and herbage yield in holy Basil in mid hill Himalayas. Indian J. Agrofor. 12 (1) (2020)."},{"key":"25723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baser, K. H. C. & Buchbauer, G. (eds) Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications (CRC, 2015).","DOI":"10.1201\/b19393"},{"key":"25723_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey, M. M., Rastogi, S. & Rawat, A. K. S. Indian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation. Evid -Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2013 (1),\u00a0376327 (2013).","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/376327"},{"key":"25723_CR7","first-page":"4","volume":"56","author":"JH Cane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cane, J. H. Pollinating bees crucial to farming success. Agric. Res. 56, 4\u20138 (2008).","journal-title":"Agric. Res."},{"key":"25723_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230200","volume":"339","author":"LA Garibaldi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garibaldi, L. A. et al. Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honeybee abundance. Science 339, 1608\u20131611 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"25723_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5937-7_5","volume-title":"Nectaries and Nectar","author":"SW Nicolson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nicolson, S. W. & Thornburg, R. W. Nectar chemistry. In Nectaries and Nectar (eds Nicolson, S. W. et al.) 215\u2013264 (Springer, 2007)."},{"key":"25723_CR10","unstructured":"Pattrick, J. G., Scott, J. & Wright, G. A. On the concentration and energetic content of nectar sugars. ArXiv. eprint arXiv:2410.05855 (2024)."},{"key":"25723_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pacini, E. & Nepi, M. Nectar production and presentation. In Nectaries and Nectar (eds (eds Nicolson, S. W., Nepi, M. & Pacini, E.) 167\u2013214 (Springer, (2007).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5937-7_4"},{"key":"25723_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120709-144802","volume":"56","author":"TH Roulston","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roulston, T. H. & Goodell, K. The role of resources and risks in regulating wild bee populations. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 56, 293\u2013312 (2011).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"25723_CR13","first-page":"451","volume":"138","author":"JC Rana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rana, J. C., Nautiyal, M. C. & Negi, K. S. Genetic resource conservation of high altitude medicinal plants in Indian Himalayan region. Indian For. 138, 451\u2013460 (2012).","journal-title":"Indian For."},{"key":"25723_CR14","unstructured":"Dafni, A., Kevan, P. G. & Husband, B. C. Practical Pollination Biology (Enviroquest Ltd., 2005)."},{"key":"25723_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.56093\/ijas.v90i3.101458","volume":"90","author":"S Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Singh, D. B. & Rai, S. Pollination ecology and productivity enhancement in medicinal and aromatic plants: a review. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 90, 507\u2013514 (2020).","journal-title":"Indian J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"25723_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-1984.1989.tb00052.x","volume":"4","author":"AJS Raju","year":"1989","unstructured":"Raju, A. J. S. Reproductive ecology of ocimum Americanum L. and O. basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) in India. Plant. Species Biol. 4, 107\u2013116 (1989).","journal-title":"Plant. Species Biol."},{"key":"25723_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3923\/je.2006.298.304","volume":"3","author":"AD Banjo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Banjo, A. D., Lawal, O. A. & Aina, S. A. Insect diversity of two medicinal labiate in South Western Nigeria. J. Entomol. 3, 298\u2013304 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Entomol."},{"key":"25723_CR18","unstructured":"Magurran, A. E. Measuring Biological Diversity (Blackwell Publishing, 2004)."},{"key":"25723_CR19","first-page":"145","volume":"39","author":"SM Sajjanar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sajjanar, S. M., Prabhuswamy, H. P. & Kuberappa, G. C. Foraging behaviour of honey bees on spice Basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) in relation to the quantity and sugar concentration in its nectar. Mysore J. Agric. Sci. 39, 145\u2013150 (2005).","journal-title":"Mysore J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"25723_CR20","unstructured":"Abrol, D. P. Pests and Pollinators of Vegetable and Oilseed Crops (Scientific, 2017)."},{"key":"25723_CR21","first-page":"25","volume":"64","author":"BG Howlett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howlett, B. G. et al. Can insect body pollen counts be used to estimate pollen deposition on Pak Choi stigmas? N Z. Plant. Prot. 64, 25\u201331 (2011).","journal-title":"N Z. Plant. Prot."},{"key":"25723_CR22","first-page":"1090","volume":"7","author":"VK Sankhala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sankhala, V. K., Phanan, V. & Maurya, S. Foraging behaviour of honey bees on sweet Basil (Ocimum Basilicum Linn.) under natural field conditions. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 7, 1090\u20131109 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Zool. Stud."},{"key":"25723_CR23","unstructured":"Monika Floral biology, mellitophily and pollination ecology of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.). M.Sc. Thesis, CCS HAU, Hisar, India (2007)."},{"key":"25723_CR24","first-page":"260","volume":"2","author":"GC Kuberappa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuberappa, G. C., Shilpa, P., Vishwas, A. B. & Vasundara, M. Insect pollinators abundance and their activity in Vishnu Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L). Biomed 2, 260\u2013264 (2007).","journal-title":"Biomed"},{"key":"25723_CR25","first-page":"115","volume":"26","author":"M Tomar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomar, M., Sihag, R. C., Sangwan, R. & Sangwan, A. Diversity and abundance of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn). Ann. Biol. 26, 115\u2013120 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Biol."},{"key":"25723_CR26","first-page":"45","volume":"36","author":"A Imran, Rajpurohit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Imran, Rajpurohit, A., Pathan, H., Patel, D., Parmar, H. & Gupta, R. K. Species composition of apoidea visitors on Ocimum Basilicum L. in Eastern Rajasthan. Ann. Entomol. 36, 45\u201350 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol."},{"key":"25723_CR27","unstructured":"Singh, M. P. & Panda, H. Medicinal Herbs with their Formulations (Daya Publishing House, 2005)."},{"key":"25723_CR28","unstructured":"Sharma, S. K. Study on Indian medicine Ocimum sanctum Linn. Ph.D. Thesis, G.D. Memorial Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Patna, India (2010)."},{"key":"25723_CR29","unstructured":"Kumar, N. Morphological evaluation and agro-economic studies of Ocimum species. Ph.D. Thesis, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, India (2019)."},{"key":"25723_CR30","first-page":"2833","volume":"7","author":"S Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur, S. et al. An overview of Tulsi (Holy basil). Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med. 7, 2833\u20132839 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med."},{"key":"25723_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.50.2.01","volume":"50","author":"M Macukanovic-Jocic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Macukanovic-Jocic, M., Stevanovic, Z. D., Mladenovic, M. & Jocic, G. Flower morpho-physiology of selected lamiaceae species in relation to pollinator attraction. J. Apic. Res. 50, 89\u2013101 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"25723_CR32","first-page":"153","volume":"826","author":"M Marina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marina, M., Goran, S., Radmila, S. & Radmila, M. Nectar production in different soil conditions in Ocimum Basilicum L. in Northern Serbia. Acta Hortic. 826, 153\u2013158 (2008).","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"25723_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"JS Dalio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dalio, J. S. Relative abundance of Apis species on Brassica Napus L. bloom. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 7, 1\u20137 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"25723_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6306-1_6","volume-title":"Pollen and Pollination","author":"A Dafni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dafni, A. & Firmage, D. Pollen viability and longevity: practical, ecological and evolutionary implications. In Pollen and Pollination (eds Dafni, A. et al.) 113\u2013132 (Springer, 2000)."},{"key":"25723_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1976.11099838","volume":"15","author":"NE Gary","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gary, N. E. & Lorenzen, K. A method for collecting the honey-sac contents from honeybees. J. Apic. Res. 15, 73\u201379 (1976).","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"25723_CR36","unstructured":"Thakur, R. K. Utility of some wild flora as bee forage. M.Sc. Thesis, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, India (1985)."},{"key":"25723_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12565","volume":"19","author":"B Amato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amato, B. & Petit, S. A review of the methods for storing floral nectars in the field. Plant. Biol. 19, 497\u2013503 (2017).","journal-title":"Plant. Biol."},{"key":"25723_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1979.11099966","volume":"18","author":"RB Roberts","year":"1979","unstructured":"Roberts, R. B. Spectrophotometric analysis of sugars produced by plants and harvested by insects. J. Apic. Res. 18, 191\u2013195 (1979).","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"25723_CR39","first-page":"1081","volume":"8","author":"NL Dan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dan, N. L., Henrik, E. P. & Lars, H. R. A novel technique for determination of the fructose, glucose and sucrose distribution in nectar from orchids by HPLC-ELSD. J. Chromatogr. 8, 1081\u20131082 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr."},{"key":"25723_CR40","unstructured":"Free, J. B. Insect Pollination of Crops 2nd edn (Academic, 1993)."},{"key":"25723_CR41","unstructured":"Belavadi, V. V. & Ganeshaiah, K. N. Insect Pollination Manual (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2013)."},{"key":"25723_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2019.01.001","volume":"22","author":"VV Belavadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Belavadi, V. V. Floral biology and pollination in Cucumis Melo L., a tropical andromonoecious cucurbit. J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 22, 215\u2013225 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Asia Pac. Entomol."},{"key":"25723_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michener, C. D. The Bees of the World 2nd edn (Johns Hopkins Univ., 2007).","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801885730"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-25723-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-25723-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-25723-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T01:02:23Z","timestamp":1764378143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-25723-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["25723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-25723-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41706"}}