{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:07:34Z","timestamp":1793689654071,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Czech Republic","award":["FNOs\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNOs\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) reflects neuro\u2011axonal injury, and is an emerging biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). This prospective cross-sectional study compared analytical agreement and clinical applicability among three analytical platforms. Serum samples from adult MS patients were analysed by single molecule array (Simoa) (frozen samples), high-sensitivity ELISA (hsELISA) (frozen samples), and fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) (fresh and frozen samples). Simoa and hsELISA were strongly correlated (r\u209b = 0.796) without systematic bias. CLIA with frozen samples showed higher sNfL levels (relative bias: 39.53% vs. Simoa; 29.56% vs. hsELISA). CLIA with fresh samples correlated very strongly with Simoa (r\u209b = 0.820) and strongly with hsELISA (r\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.764) (relative bias: \u22127.7% vs. Simoa; \u221214.3% vs. hsELISA), though broad limits of agreement indicated notable individual variability. Comparison of fresh vs. frozen CLIA values indicated an influence of pre-analytical conditions. Age was positively associated with sNfL determined by Simoa and hsELISA, whereas EDSS correlated only weakly with Simoa-derived sNfL. Simoa and hsELISA yield interchangeable sNfL results with consistent biological correlations, supporting their clinical and research application. CLIA can be automated but is affected by pre-analytical factors. Assay harmonization is essential before routine clinical implementation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-25926-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T15:24:40Z","timestamp":1764084280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of Simoa, high\u2011sensitivity ELISA, and CLIA for serum neurofilament light chain quantification in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kamila","family":"Zondra Revendova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Schaffartzikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Hradilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavlina","family":"Kusnierova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"25926_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0058-z","volume":"14","author":"M Khalil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khalil, M. et al. Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 14, 577\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-018-0058-z (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"25926_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab241","volume":"144","author":"S Bittner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bittner, S., Oh, J., Havrdov\u00e1, E. K., Tintor\u00e9, M. & Zipp, F. The potential of serum neurofilament as biomarker for multiple sclerosis. Brain 144, 2954\u20132963 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"25926_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.3238","volume":"77","author":"K Bjornevik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bjornevik, K. et al. Serum neurofilament light chain levels in patients with presymptomatic multiple sclerosis. 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This study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki principles and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Ostrava (reference number 140\/2025).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"41871"}}