{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1778695231624,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Project of Medical Science Research in Hebei Province (Grant No.","award":["20240010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite transmitted drug resistance (TDR) surveillance is the critical role in HIV-1 prevention strategies, epidemiological data remain scarce for newly infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hebei Province, China. To address this data gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 173 MSM recently infected with HIV-1. Plasma samples were subjected to HIV-1 RNA extraction, followed by amplification and sequencing of the\n                    <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene region (PR-RT: 1.3\u00a0kb; IN: 0.8\u00a0kb). In this study, 173 sequences were successfully sequenced, and the sequencing success rate was 92.5% (173\/187). Subtyping analysis revealed a predominance of CRF07_BC (36.4%, 63\/173) and CRF01_AE (32.3%, 56\/173), with a notable proportion of unique recombinant form (URF, 20.2%, 35\/173). The overall TDR prevalence was 7.51% (13\/173), categorized by drug class as follows: protease inhibitors (PIs, 2.31%, 4\/173), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs, 1.16%, 2\/173), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs, 2.31%, 4\/173), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs, 2.89%, 5\/173). Notably, one participant exhibited concurrent resistance to NRTIs, NNRTIs, and INSTIs. While these findings suggest moderate TDR control in Hebei\u2019s MSM population, we emphasize the necessity for sustained surveillance to dynamically assess treatment program efficacy, optimize second-line therapy regime, and guide public health interventions. This study provides the first comprehensive TDR profile for recently infected individuals in Hebei, offering critical insights for regional HIV-1 management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-26028-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:21:09Z","timestamp":1762860069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of transmitted drug resistance among recently infected HIV-1 men who have sex with men in Hebei Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xinli","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuofan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyi","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"26028_CR1","unstructured":"2024 GLOBAL AIDS update Thematic briefing note: HIV and gay men and other men who have sex with men [EB\/OL]. (2023-08-31) [2024-11-12]. https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2024-unaids-global-aids-update-gay-men_en.pdf"},{"issue":"S5","key":"26028_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25778","volume":"24","author":"J Stover","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stover, J. et al. Updates to the Spectrum\/AIM model for the UNAIDS 2020 HIV estimates. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 24 (S5), 10\u201317 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"26028_CR3","first-page":"81","volume":"32","author":"XY Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, X. Y. & Shen, Y. Z. New advances in antiretroviral therapy for AIDS. Infect. Dis. Info. 32 (1), 81\u201387 (2019).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Info"},{"issue":"9","key":"26028_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5668","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20095668","volume":"20","author":"K Mokgalaboni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mokgalaboni, K. et al. A systematic review and Meta-Analysis on the impact of Statin treatment in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 20 (9), 5668 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"26028_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0164","volume":"28","author":"X Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Short communication: emerging transmitted HIV type 1 drug resistance mutations among patients prior to start of first-line antiretroviral therapy in middle and low prevalence sites in China. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 28 (12), 1637\u20131639 (2012).","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"26028_CR6","unstructured":"Xiong, X. Association between immune activation and disease progression across HIV subtypes. PhD dissertation. China Medical University. (2021)."},{"issue":"10","key":"26028_CR7","first-page":"1164","volume":"35","author":"YY Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su, Y. Y. et al. Distribution and epidemic trends of HIV-1 genetic subtypes in China. Chin. J. Epidemiol. 35 (10), 1164\u20131168 (2014).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"26028_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, X. et al. A comprehensive mapping of HIV-1 genotypes in various risk groups and regions across China based on a nationwide molecular epidemiologic survey. PLoS One. 7(10), e47289. (2012).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047289"},{"key":"26028_CR9","unstructured":"Xing, Y. Epidemiological characteristics of novel recombinant strains among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Hebei Province. PhD dissertation. Hebei Medical University. (2022)."},{"key":"26028_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, X. et al. Epidemic trend, genetic characteristics, and transmission networks of HIV-1 among treatment-naive men who have sex with men in Hebei province, China. Front. Microbiol. 15, 1405565. (2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1405565"},{"issue":"1","key":"26028_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07518-4","volume":"12","author":"J Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye, J. et al. CRF07_BC is associated with slow HIV disease progression in Chinese patients. Sci. Rep. 12 (1), 3773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-07518-4 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"26028_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0160","volume":"31","author":"X Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu, X. et al. HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance among recently infected individuals at men who have sex with men Sentinel surveillance points in Hebei Province, China. AIDS Res. Hum. 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[No. IRB(S)2020-031].","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical issues"}}],"article-number":"39382"}}