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These bone-specific complexes were synthesized through the coordination of\n                    <jats:sup>166<\/jats:sup>\n                    Ho\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions in a neutral buffer. Acute toxicity studies were conducted at a dose of 1850 MBq\/kg over 14 days, whereas safety assessments were performed at therapeutic doses of 18.5, 37, and 74 MBq\/kg over 30 days in ICR mice. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological toxicities were evaluated.\n                    <jats:sup>166<\/jats:sup>\n                    Ho was obtained with high specific activities and radionuclide purity. These radiolabeled ligands were prepared with high radiochemical purity. No unexpected acute toxicity was observed. In the study groups, there were no significant signs of toxicity in the hematological, biochemical, or histopathological evaluations. However, a minimal reduction in osteocytes and osteoblasts in the bone marrow was noted. Notably, densely active hematopoiesis and progenitor clusters, including megakaryocytes, myeloblasts, and lymphoblasts, were observed in the bone marrow of the femurs and sternums. These findings provide valuable insights into the safety profiles of these radiolabeled ligands for bone and bone marrow, supporting further preclinical evaluations and domestic applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-26098-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T12:20:20Z","timestamp":1764246020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute radiotoxicity studies and safety assessment of 166Ho-EDTMP and 166Ho-DOTMP for the palliative treatment of bone metastases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ho Hong Quang","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thi Khanh Giang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thi Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanh Binh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Bao Nam","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Dieu Thao","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thu Minh Chau","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong Ngoc Quy","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Van Tien","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanh Nhan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thi Thu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"26098_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.2183","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray, F. et al. 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