{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:43:04Z","timestamp":1791686584142,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-26198-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:45:19Z","timestamp":1764225919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Recalled childhood trauma and post-psychedelic trajectories of change in a mixed-methods study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Guy","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Tadmor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Skragge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"26198_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01656-7","volume":"49","author":"JM Mitchell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mitchell, J. M. & Anderson, B. T. Psychedelic therapies reconsidered: compounds, clinical indications, and cautious optimism. Neuropsychopharmacol 49, 96\u2013103 (2024).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"26198_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13480","volume":"41","author":"LA Basedow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basedow, L. A. & Kuitunen-Paul, S. Motives for the use of serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev. 41, 1391\u20131403 (2022).","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"26198_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231158245","volume":"37","author":"EI Kopra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kopra, E. I. et al. Investigation of self-treatment with lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin mushrooms: findings from the global drug survey 2020. J. Psychopharmacol. 37, 733\u2013748 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"26198_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2024.00330","volume":"8","author":"AD Cherniak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cherniak, A. D., Mikulincer, M., Gruneau Brulin, J. & Granqvist, P. Perceived attachment history predicts psychedelic experiences: A naturalistic study. JPS 8, 82\u201391 (2024).","journal-title":"JPS"},{"key":"26198_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41145-x","volume":"13","author":"R Bremler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bremler, R., Katati, N., Shergill, P. & Erritzoe, D. Carhart-Harris, R. L. Case analysis of long-term negative psychological responses to psychedelics. Sci. Rep. 13, 15998 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"26198_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000438","volume":"2","author":"JC Bouso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bouso, J. C. et al. Adverse effects of ayahuasca: results from the global Ayahuasca survey. PLOS Global Public. Health. 2, e0000438 (2022).","journal-title":"PLOS Global Public. Health"},{"key":"26198_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116662634","volume":"30","author":"TM Carbonaro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carbonaro, T. M. et al. Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: acute and enduring positive and negative consequences. J. Psychopharmacol. 30, 1268\u20131278 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"26198_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0293349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293349","volume":"18","author":"J Evans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evans, J. et al. Extended difficulties following the use of psychedelic drugs: A mixed methods study. PLoS ONE. 18, e0293349 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"26198_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287196","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1287196","volume":"14","author":"TM Kvam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kvam, T. M. et al. Epidemiology of classic psychedelic substances: results from a Norwegian internet convenience sample. Front. Psychiatry. 14, 1287196 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"26198_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2024.00420","volume":"9","author":"OC Robinson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Robinson, O. C., Evans, J., McAlpine, R. G., Argyri, E. K. & Luke, D. An investigation into the varieties of extended difficulties following psychedelic drug use: Duration, severity and helpful coping strategies. JPS 9, 117\u2013125 (2025).","journal-title":"JPS"},{"key":"26198_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.01.073","volume":"326","author":"O Simonsson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simonsson, O., Hendricks, P. S., Chambers, R., Osika, W. & Goldberg, S. B. Prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult or distressing experiences using classic psychedelics. J. Affect. Disord. 326, 105\u2013110 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"26198_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030800","volume":"7","author":"E Studerus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Studerus, E., Gamma, A., Kometer, M. & Vollenweider, F. X. Prediction of psilocybin response in healthy volunteers. PLoS ONE. 7, e30800 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"26198_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00897","volume":"9","author":"ECHM Haijen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haijen, E. C. H. M. et al. Predicting responses to psychedelics: A prospective study. Front. Pharmacol. 9, 897 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"26198_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2019.1614234","volume":"24","author":"SB Thal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thal, S. B., Daniels, J. K. & Jungaberle, H. The link between childhood trauma and dissociation in frequent users of classic psychedelics and dissociatives. J. Subst. Use. 24, 524\u2013531 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use"},{"key":"26198_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (American Psychiatric Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596 (2013).","journal-title":"(American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"26198_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-025-06771-5","volume":"242","author":"S Kangaslampi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kangaslampi, S. & Lietz, M. Psychedelics and autobiographical memory \u2013 six open questions. Psychopharmacology 242, 2341\u20132348 (2025).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"26198_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.118.017160","volume":"71","author":"RL Carhart-Harris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris, R. L. & Friston, K. J. REBUS and the anarchic brain: toward a unified model of the brain action of psychedelics. Pharmacol. Rev. 71, 316\u2013344 (2019).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"26198_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111707","volume":"12","author":"S K\u00e9ri","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00e9ri, S. Trauma and remembering: from neuronal circuits to molecules. Life 12, 1707 (2022).","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"26198_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.03.003","volume":"84","author":"AA Feduccia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feduccia, A. A. & Mithoefer, M. C. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms? Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 84, 221\u2013228 (2018).","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"26198_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.171","volume":"43","author":"MK Doss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doss, M. K., Weafer, J., Gallo, D. A. & De Wit H. MDMA impairs both the encoding and retrieval of emotional recollections. Neuropsychopharmacol 43, 791\u2013800 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"26198_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/3rbxe","author":"CJ Healy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Healy, C. J. et al. Acute subjective effects of psychedelics in naturalistic group settings prospectively predict longitudinal improvements in trauma symptoms, trait shame, and connectedness among adults with childhood maltreatment histories. Preprint at. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/3rbxe (2024).","journal-title":"Preprint at."},{"key":"26198_CR22","unstructured":"Doss, M. K. et al. Unique Effects of Sedatives, Dissociatives, Psychedelics, Stimulants, and Cannabinoids on Episodic Memory: A Review and Reanalysis of Acute Drug Effects on Recollection, Familiarity, and Metamemory."},{"key":"26198_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s44271-024-00120-6","volume":"2","author":"HT McGovern","year":"2024","unstructured":"McGovern, H. T. et al. An integrated theory of false insights and beliefs under psychedelics. Commun. Psychol. 2, 69 (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Psychol."},{"key":"26198_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2590","volume":"10","author":"K Nader","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nader, K. & Hardt, O. A single standard for memory: the case for reconsolidation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10, 224\u2013234 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"26198_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2025_579","volume-title":"Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences","author":"AE Calder","year":"2025","unstructured":"Calder, A. E., Diehl, V. J. & Hasler, G. Traumatic psychedelic experiences. in Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2025_579. (2025)."},{"key":"26198_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mathai, D. S. et al. Shame, guilt and psychedelic experience: results from a Prospective, longitudinal survey of Real-World psilocybin use. J. Psychoactive Drugs. 1\u201312 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02791072.2025.2461997 (2025).","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2025.2461997"},{"key":"26198_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36184-3","volume":"13","author":"B Weiss","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weiss, B., Wingert, A., Erritzoe, D. & Campbell, W. K. Prevalence and therapeutic impact of adverse life event reexperiencing under ceremonial Ayahuasca. Sci. Rep. 13, 9438 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"26198_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116678781","volume":"30","author":"FS Barrett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barrett, F. S., Bradstreet, M. P., Leoutsakos, J. M. S., Johnson, M. W. & Griffiths, R. R. The challenging experience questionnaire: characterization of challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms. J. Psychopharmacol. 30, 1279\u20131295 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"26198_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205032452412383","DOI":"10.1177\/20503245241238316","volume":"10","author":"K Cassidy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cassidy, K., Healy, C., Henje, E. & D\u2019Andrea, W. Childhood trauma, challenging experiences, and posttraumatic growth in Ayahuasca use. Drug Sci. Policy Law. 10, 20503245241238316 (2024).","journal-title":"Drug Sci. Policy Law"},{"key":"26198_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247054702110298","DOI":"10.1177\/24705470211029881","volume":"5","author":"CJ Healy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Healy, C. J., Lee, K. A. & D\u2019Andrea, W. Using psychedelics with therapeutic intent is associated with lower shame and complex trauma symptoms in adults with histories of child maltreatment. Chronic Stress. 5, 24705470211029881 (2021).","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"26198_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102997","volume":"87","author":"L Gashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gashi, L., Sandberg, S. & Pedersen, W. Making bad trips good: how users of psychedelics narratively transform challenging trips into valuable experiences. Int. J. Drug Policy. 87, 102997 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"26198_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2024.00363","author":"JR Rose","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rose, J. R. Memory, trauma, and self: remembering and recovering from sexual abuse in psychedelic-assisted therapy. JPS https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2054.2024.00363 (2024).","journal-title":"JPS"},{"key":"26198_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-025-01274-2","volume":"13","author":"SK Peck","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peck, S. K. et al. Therapeutic emergence of dissociated traumatic memories during psilocybin treatment for anorexia nervosa. J. Eat. Disord. 13, 89 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord"},{"key":"26198_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2020.1870699","volume":"30","author":"H Otgaar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L. & Patihis, L. What science tells Us about false and repressed memories. Memory 30, 16\u201321 (2022).","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"26198_CR35","unstructured":"Griffin, A. The Tell: A Memoir (Dial, 2025)."},{"key":"26198_CR36","unstructured":"Evens, R. PTSD as a Potential Post-Psychedelic Complication? YouTube, Breaking Convention, 13 August 2025. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TMfvtZp7COc"},{"key":"26198_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/13634615221082796","volume":"59","author":"C Timmermann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Timmermann, C., Watts, R. & Dupuis, D. Towards psychedelic apprenticeship: developing a gentle touch for the mediation and validation of psychedelic-induced insights and revelations. Transcult Psychiatry. 59, 691\u2013704 (2022).","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"key":"26198_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79931-w","volume":"14","author":"MJ Wood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wood, M. J., McAlpine, R. G. & Kamboj, S. K. Strategies for resolving challenging psychedelic experiences: insights from a mixed-methods study. Sci. Rep. 14, 28817 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"26198_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Argyri, E. K. et al. Navigating Groundlessness: An interview study on dealing with ontological shock and existential distress following psychedelic experiences. PLoS One e0322501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0322501 (2025).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322501"},{"key":"26198_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6303856\/v1","author":"EK Argyri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Argyri, E. K. et al. Practitioner perspectives on extended difficulties and optimal support strategies following psychedelic experiences: A qualitative analysis. Preprint at. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6303856\/v1 (2025).","journal-title":"Preprint at."},{"key":"26198_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03379560","volume":"52","author":"E Nijenhuis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nijenhuis, E., Van Der Hart, O. & Steele, K. Trauma-related structural dissociation of the personality. Act. Nerv. Super. 52, 1\u201323 (2010).","journal-title":"Act. Nerv. Super"},{"key":"26198_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528253","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1528253","volume":"16","author":"S Elfrink","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elfrink, S. & Bergin, L. Psychedelic iatrogenic structural dissociation: an exploratory hypothesis on dissociative risks in psychedelic use. Front. Psychol. 16, 1528253 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"26198_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369715","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1369715","volume":"15","author":"OC Robinson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Robinson, O. C. et al. Coming back together: a qualitative survey study of coping and support strategies used by people to Cope with extended difficulties after the use of psychedelic drugs. Front. Psychol. 15, 1369715 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"26198_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/008124630603600304","volume":"36","author":"D Kaminer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaminer, D. Healing processes in trauma narratives: A review. South. Afr. J. Psychol. 36, 481\u2013499 (2006).","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Psychol."},{"key":"26198_CR45","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W. & Plano Clark, V. L. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (Sage, 2017)."},{"key":"26198_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/75.4.800","volume":"75","author":"Y Hochberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hochberg, Y. A sharper bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 75, 800\u2013802 (1988).","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"26198_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V. & Clarke, V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Res. Psychol. 3, 77\u2013101 (2006).","journal-title":"Qualitative Res. Psychol."},{"key":"26198_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shkedi, A. Multiple Case Narrative: A Qualitative Approach To Studying Multiple Populations (John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005).","DOI":"10.1075\/sin.7"},{"key":"26198_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tong, A., Sainsbury, P. & Craig, J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int. J. Qual. Health Care. 19, 349\u2013357 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Health Care"},{"key":"26198_CR50","unstructured":"Hollis, J. The Middle Passage: from Misery To Meaning in Midlife (Inner City Books, 1993)."},{"key":"26198_CR51","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders: a Comprehensive Clinical Handbook","author":"L Litt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Litt, L., Cohen, L. R. & Hien, D. Seeking safety: A present-focused integrated treatment for PTSD and substance use disorders. In: Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders: a Comprehensive Clinical Handbook 183\u2013207 (Routledge, New York, NY, (2019)."},{"key":"26198_CR52","unstructured":"Kessler, R. C. et al. Trauma and PTSD in the WHO world mental health surveys. Eur. J. Psychotraumatol. 8, 1353383 (2017)."},{"key":"26198_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.2.183","volume":"133","author":"M Olff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olff, M., Langeland, W., Draijer, N. & Gersons, B. P. R. Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol. Bull. 133, 183\u2013204 (2007).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"26198_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23226","volume":"78","author":"NC Suazo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suazo, N. C., Reyes, M. E., Contractor, A. A., Thomas, E. D. & Weiss, N. H. Exploring the moderating role of gender in the relation between emotional expressivity and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity among black trauma-exposed college students at a historically black university. J. Clin. Psychol. 78, 343\u2013356 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"26198_CR55","first-page":"669","volume":"14","author":"A Willcocks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Willcocks, A. Gender differences in attitudes towards trauma\/abuse disclosure. Plymouth Student Sci. 14, 669\u2013691 (2021).","journal-title":"Plymouth Student Sci."},{"key":"26198_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldner, L., Lev-Wiesel, R., & Simon, G. Revenge fantasies after experiencing traumatic events: Sex differences. Front. Psychol. 10, 431159 (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00886"},{"key":"26198_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01","volume":"15","author":"RG Tedeschi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tedeschi, R. G. & Calhoun, L. G. Target article: \u2018Posttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence\u2019. Psychol. Inq. 15, 1\u201318 (2004).","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"26198_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.11.002","volume":"15","author":"J Sloshower","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sloshower, J. et al. Psilocybin-assisted therapy of major depressive disorder using acceptance and commitment therapy as a therapeutic frame. J. Context. Behav. Sci. 15, 12\u201319 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Context. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"26198_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119855974","volume":"33","author":"L Roseman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roseman, L. et al. Emotional breakthrough and psychedelics: validation of the emotional breakthrough inventory. J. Psychopharmacol. 33, 1076\u20131087 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"26198_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033722","volume":"140","author":"CR Brewin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brewin, C. R. Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol. Bull. 140, 69\u201397 (2014).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"26198_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27180","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v6.27180","volume":"6","author":"CR Brewin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brewin, C. R. Re-experiencing traumatic events in PTSD: new avenues in research on intrusive memories and flashbacks. Eur. J. Psychotraumatology. 6, 27180 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"26198_CR62","unstructured":"Van der Kolk, B. A. The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind and Body in the Healing of Trauma (Penguin Books, 2015)."},{"issue":"5","key":"26198_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.759","volume":"28","author":"J Bowlby","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bowlby, J., Ainsworth, M. & Bretherton, I. The origins of attachment theory. Dev. Psychol. 28 (5), 759\u2013775 (1992).","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"26198_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205032451668332","DOI":"10.1177\/2050324516683325","volume":"3","author":"I Hartogsohn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartogsohn, I. Constructing drug effects: A history of set and setting. Drug Sci. Policy Law. 3, 2050324516683325 (2017).","journal-title":"Drug Sci. Policy Law"},{"key":"26198_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2025.00459","author":"EK Cassidy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cassidy, E. K., Dupuis, D., Timmermann, C. & Granqvist, P. Psychedelics, attachment, and enculturation dynamics: prospects and challenges. J. Psychedelic Stud. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2054.2025.00459 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"26198_CR66","unstructured":"The Dunedin Study - Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health. & Development Research Unit. (2025). https:\/\/dunedinstudy.otago.ac.nz\/"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-26198-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-26198-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-26198-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:45Z","timestamp":1764594225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-26198-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["26198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-26198-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7255362\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"42852"}}