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Three hundred one-day-old Cobb broiler chicks (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200960 per group), with six replicates of 10 birds each, were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments for 35 days: T1 (control, basal diet); T2 (basal diet\u2009+\u2009lactic acid and lactate, 0.5\u00a0g\/kg each); T3 (basal diet\u2009+\u2009propionic acid and propionate, 0.5\u00a0g\/kg each); T4 (basal diet\u2009+\u2009butyric acid and butyrate, 0.5\u00a0g\/kg each); and T5 (basal diet\u2009+\u2009a mixture of lactic, propionic, and butyric acids and their salts, 0.17\u00a0g\/kg each; total\u2009\u2248\u20091\u00a0g\/kg). Growth performance, blood biochemistry, antioxidant indicators, thyroid hormones, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiota, and humoral immune responses were assessed. The findings indicate that the blend of organic acids and their salts significantly improved (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05) productive performance during the grower, finisher, and overall periods. Serum antioxidant indices (TAC, CAT) and RBC enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT) exhibited significant increases (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05), whereas MDA levels were significantly decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). T4 hormone levels increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05) in the treated groups without affecting liver and kidney functions. The intestinal microbiota exhibited elevated (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05)\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels and inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    proliferation. Humoral immunity exhibited significantly higher (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05) HI titers against avian influenza viruses (H9 and H5) than the control group. Overall, supplementation with organic acids and their salts offers a suitable natural growth promoter that enhances broiler productive performance, immunity, and antioxidant status without adversely affecting physiological functions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-26549-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T19:43:20Z","timestamp":1763667800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Butyric, lactic, and propionic acids with their salts as natural growth promoters in broilers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Samy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany M. 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