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An integrated \u201cImportance\u2013Sensitivity\u2013Circuit Theory\u2013Graph Theory\u201d framework was developed to optimize the regional ecological network. Ecological sources were identified by combining ecosystem service importance and ecological sensitivity. Circuit theory was applied to simulate multi-path corridors and key nodes, while graph theory quantitatively evaluated network connectivity. Results indicate that ecological sources show a spatial pattern of \u201chigh in the east and west, low in the middle,\u201d with the Jianghan Plain identified as a key corridor break zone; Circuit theory revealed multiple potential corridors, high-priority pinch points, and barriers needing restoration; Graph analysis confirmed that the optimized network achieved significant improvements in closure, connection efficiency, and overall connectivity. By coupling ecological functional attributes with structural network optimization, this framework overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches that focus primarily on landscape morphology or single indicators, and its systematic and quantitative evaluation pathway provides a transferable methodological reference for constructing ecological networks in complex regions. The findings offer scientific support for regional ecological security pattern development and territorial spatial planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27304-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T09:51:39Z","timestamp":1764928299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluating and optimizing ecological networks in the Hubei Yangtze river economic belt using an importance\u2013sensitivity and circuit\u2013graph approach"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shushen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"27304_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1500052","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500052","volume":"1","author":"NM Haddad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haddad, N. 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