{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:46:11Z","timestamp":1789469171032,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006013","name":"United Arab Emirates University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UPAR Grant no. G00003718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UPAR Grant no. G00003718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27375-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:47:20Z","timestamp":1765280840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of farm composition and management on the microbiome of the camel tick (Hyalomma dromedarii)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohamad Taha","family":"Al Masri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amgd Sayed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjit","family":"Vijayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabir Bin","family":"Muzaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Al-Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"27375_CR1","unstructured":"Walker, A., Alan, R. & (Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: a Guide To Identification of Species (Bioscience Reports, 2003)."},{"key":"27375_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.854803","author":"S Hussain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hussain, S. et al. The symbiotic continuum within ticks: opportunities for disease control. Front. Microbiol. Front. Media S A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.854803 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol. Front. Media S A"},{"key":"27375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paucar-Quishpe, V. et al. An economic evaluation of cattle tick acaricide-resistances and the financial losses in subtropical dairy farms of ecuador: A farm system approach. PLoS One Public. Libr. Sci. 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0287104 (2023).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287104"},{"key":"27375_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00236","author":"SI Bonnet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonnet, S. I., Binetruy, F., Hern\u00e1ndez-Jargu\u00edn, A. M. & Duron, O. The tick microbiome: why non-pathogenic microorganisms matter in tick biology and pathogen transmission. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. Front. Media S A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00236 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. Front. Media S A"},{"key":"27375_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sesmero-Garc\u00eda, C., Cabanero-Navalon, M. D. & Garcia-Bustos, V. The Importance and Impact of Francisella-like Endosymbionts in Hyalomma Ticks in the Era of Climate Change. Diversity (Basel) (MDPI, 2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d15040562","DOI":"10.3390\/d15040562"},{"key":"27375_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dzemo, W. D., Thekisoe, O. & Vudriko, P. Development of Acaricide Resistance in Tick Populations of Cattle: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis. Heliyon (Elsevier Ltd, 2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e08718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e08718"},{"key":"27375_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Narasimhan, S. & Fikrig, E. Tick Microbiome: the Force within. Trends Parasitol p. 315\u2013323 (Elsevier Ltd, 2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2015.03.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.03.010"},{"key":"27375_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narasimhan, S. et al. Grappling with the tick microbiome. (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.04.004"},{"key":"27375_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elias, L. et al. Extensive sex-specific and regional variations observed in the Microbiome of dermacentor reticulatus. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. Elsevier GmbH. 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101767 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101767"},{"key":"27375_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16010011","volume":"16","author":"N Perveen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perveen, N. et al. Microbiome of hyalomma dromedarii (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks: variation in community structure with regard to sex and host habitat. Insects [Internet]. 16, 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects16010011 (2024).","journal-title":"Insects [Internet]"},{"key":"27375_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201800372","volume":"59","author":"R Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Huang, Z., Yu, G. & Zhang, Z. Characterization of microbiota diversity of field-collected haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) with regard to sex and blood meals. J. Basic. Microbiol. Wiley-VCH Verlag. 59, 215\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.201800372 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Basic. Microbiol. Wiley-VCH Verlag"},{"key":"27375_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, S-S. et al. Bacterial Microbiota Analysis Demonstrates That Tick Can Acquire Bacteria From Habitat and Host Blood Meal. ; (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-882619\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-882619\/v1"},{"key":"27375_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benyedem, H. et al. First insights into the Microbiome of Tunisian hyalomma ticks gained through next-generation sequencing with a special focus on H. scupense. PLoS One Public. Libr. Sci. 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0268172 (2022).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268172"},{"key":"27375_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hartemink, N. et al. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Five Different Pathogens and Symbionts in Ixodes Ricinus Nymphs in the Netherlands. Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases 6 (Elsevier B.V., 2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2024.100209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2024.100209"},{"key":"27375_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soliman, A. M., Mahmoud, H. Y. A. H., Hifumi, T. & Tanaka, T. Discovery of Colpodella spp. In Ticks (Hyalomma dromedarii) Infesting Camels In Southern Egypt. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 15 (Elsevier GmbH, 2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2024.102352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2024.102352"},{"key":"27375_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18805\/IJAR.BF-1922","author":"AA Mohammed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammed, A. A. et al. Unique characteristics of camel body systems: adaptation to harsh Conditions, productive and reproductive performances: A review. Indian J. Anim. Res. [Internet]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18805\/IJAR.BF-1922 (2025).","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res. [Internet]"},{"key":"27375_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.5539\/ijms.v17n1p30","volume":"17","author":"A Alotaibi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alotaibi, A. Bedouin marketing: its role in promoting economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Mark. Stud. [Internet]. 17, 30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/ijms.v17n1p30 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mark. Stud. [Internet]"},{"key":"27375_CR18","unstructured":"Hagras, A. E., Khalil, G. M. & Med Entomol, J. Effect of Temperature on Hyalomma {Hyalomma) dromedarii Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) 12 Downloaded from [Internet]. (2016). http:\/\/jme.oxfordjournals.org\/"},{"key":"27375_CR19","unstructured":"FAOSTAT. FAO [Internet]. [cited 2025 Apr 30]. FAOSTAT, 2020. (2023). http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QA. Accessed 29 Apr 2025.\u200b. Accessed 30 Apr 2025."},{"key":"27375_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Janda, J. M. & Abbott, S. L. 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification in the diagnostic laboratory: Pluses, perils, and pitfalls. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2761\u20132764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01228-07 (2007).","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01228-07"},{"key":"27375_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perveen, N., Muzaffar, S., Bin, Vijayan, R. & Al-Deeb, M. A. Microbial communities associated with the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii: 16S rRNA gene-based analysis. Sci. Rep. Nat. Res. 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-74116-7 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74116-7"},{"key":"27375_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perveen, N., Muzaffar, S., Bin, Vijayan, R. & Al-Deeb, M. A. Assessing Temporal changes in microbial communities in hyalomma dromedarii collected from camels in the UAE using High-Throughput sequencing. Front. Vet. Sci. Front. Media S A. 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.861233 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.861233"},{"key":"27375_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.100","author":"M Estaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Estaki, M. et al. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics 70 (John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpbi.100QIIME 2 Enables Comprehensive End-to-End Analysis of Diverse Microbiome Data and Comparative Studies with Publicly Available Data."},{"key":"27375_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22048","volume":"41","author":"P Liao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liao, P., Satten, G. A. & Hu, Y. J. PhredEM: a phred-score-informed genotype-calling approach for next-generation sequencing studies. Genet. Epidemiol. Wiley-Liss Inc. 41, 375\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.22048 (2017).","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol. Wiley-Liss Inc"},{"key":"27375_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2276","volume":"10","author":"NA Bokulich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bokulich, N. A. et al. Quality-filtering vastly improves diversity estimates from illumina amplicon sequencing. Nat. Methods. 10, 57\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2276 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"27375_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apanaskevich, D. A., Schuster, A. L. & Horak, I. G. The genus hyalomma: VII. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) dromedarii and H. (E.) schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae) [Internet]. Evol. J. Med. Entomol. (2008). https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jme\/article\/45\/5\/817\/942187","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.5.817"},{"key":"27375_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Deeb, M. A., Bin Muzaffar, S., Abu-Zeid, A., Rizk Enan, M. & Karim, S. First record of a spotted fever group rickettsia sp. and theileria annulata in hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in the united Arab Emirates [Internet]. Fla. Entomol. (2015). http:\/\/quantpsy.org","DOI":"10.1653\/024.098.0123"},{"key":"27375_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1716","volume":"360","author":"RD Ward","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ward, R. D., Zemlak, T. S., Innes, B. H., Last, P. R. & Hebert, P. D. N. DNA barcoding australia\u2019s fish species. Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. Royal Soc. 360, 1847\u20131857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2005.1716 (2005).","journal-title":"Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. Royal Soc."},{"key":"27375_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klindworth, A. et al. Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gks808 (2013).","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808"},{"key":"27375_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Differential impact of spotted fever group rickettsia and anaplasmosis on tick microbial ecology: evidence from multi-species comparative Microbiome analysis. Front. Microbiol. [Internet]. 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1589263 (2025).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1589263"},{"key":"27375_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choi, H. & Lee, C. H. The impact of climate change on ecology of tick associated with tick-borne diseases. PLoS Comput. Biol. Public. Libr. Sci. 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012903 (2025).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012903"},{"key":"27375_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2025.1090-1100","volume":"18","author":"MT Al Masri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al Masri, M. T. & Al-Deeb, M. A. A systematic review of the Microbiome of hyalomma Koch, 1844 ticks using next-generation sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Vet. World Veterinary World. 18, 1090\u20131100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2025.1090-1100 (2025).","journal-title":"Vet. World Veterinary World"},{"key":"27375_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630016602","volume":"16","author":"MM Alreshidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alreshidi, M. M. Description of microbial diversity associated with ticks hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) isolated from camels in hail region (Saudi Arabia) using massive sequencing of 16S rDNA. Bioinformation [Internet]. 16, 602\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6026\/97320630016602 (2020).","journal-title":"Bioinformation [Internet]"},{"key":"27375_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3855\/JIDC.11604","volume":"13","author":"H Elbir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elbir, H., Almathen, F. & Alhumam, N. A. A glimpse of the bacteriome of hyalomma dromedarii ticks infesting camels reveals human Helicobacter pylori pathogen. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. J. Infect. Developing Ctries. 13, 1001\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/JIDC.11604 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. J. Infect. Developing Ctries."},{"key":"27375_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4236\/aim.2022.122006","volume":"12","author":"B Mutai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mutai, B., Njaanake, K., Gathii, K., Estambale, B. B. & Waitumbi, J. N. Bacteriome in ticks collected from domestic livestock in Kenya. Adv. Microbiol. Sci. Res. Publishing Inc. 12, 67\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/aim.2022.122006 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Microbiol. Sci. Res. Publishing Inc"},{"key":"27375_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yousefi-Behzadi, M. et al. Original Article metagenomics characterization of Ixodes ricinus intestinal microbiota as major vector of Tick-Borne diseases in domestic animals [Internet]. (2023). http:\/\/jad.tums.ac.ir","DOI":"10.18502\/jad.v17i2.13620"},{"key":"27375_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noguerales, V., de la Fuente, J. & D\u00edaz-S\u00e1nchez, S. Understanding the mechanisms underlying microbiota variation in wild tick populations [Internet]. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.12.27.630517","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.27.630517"},{"key":"27375_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.11158\/saa.23.9.10","volume":"23","author":"FS Lim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim, F. S. et al. Identification and characterization of Corynebacterium lactis isolated from amblyomma testudinarium of Sus scrofa in Malaysia. Syst. Appl. Acarol Syst. Appl. Acarology Soc. 23, 1838\u20131844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11158\/saa.23.9.10 (2018).","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol Syst. Appl. Acarology Soc."},{"key":"27375_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han, Y. W. Fusobacterium Nucleatum: A commensal-turned pathogen. Curr Opin Microbiol p. 141\u2013147 (Elsevier Ltd, 2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2014.11.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.11.013"},{"key":"27375_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.04.020","volume":"9","author":"A Hern\u00e1ndez-Jargu\u00edn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Jargu\u00edn, A., D\u00edaz-S\u00e1nchez, S., Villar, M. & de la Fuente, J. Integrated metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics for the characterization of bacterial microbiota in unfed Ixodes ricinus. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. Elsevier GmbH. 9, 1241\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.04.020 (2018).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. Elsevier GmbH"},{"key":"27375_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102280","volume":"66","author":"L Acu\u00f1a-Amador","year":"2020","unstructured":"Acu\u00f1a-Amador, L. & Barloy-Hubler, F. Porphyromonas spp. Have an extensive host range in ill and healthy individuals and an unexpected environmental distribution: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaerobe [Internet]. 66, 102280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102280 (2020).","journal-title":"Anaerobe [Internet]"},{"key":"27375_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.152","volume":"11","author":"A Swei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swei, A. & Kwan, J. Y. Tick Microbiome and pathogen acquisition altered by host blood meal. ISME J. Nat. Publishing Group. 11, 813\u2013816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2016.152 (2017).","journal-title":"ISME J. Nat. Publishing Group."},{"key":"27375_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chicana, B., Couper, L. I., Kwan, J. Y., Tahiraj, E. & Swei, A. Comparative Microbiome profiles of sympatric tick species from the far-western united States. Insects MDPI AG. 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects10100353 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10100353"},{"key":"27375_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hubert, J., Navratilova, B., Sopko, B., Nesvorna, M. & Phillips, T. W. Pesticide residue exposure provides different responses of the microbiomes of distinct cultures of the stored product pest mite Acarus Siro. BMC Microbiol. BioMed. Cent. Ltd. 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02661-4 (2022).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02661-4"},{"key":"27375_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.061887","volume":"52","author":"SJ Patton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patton, S. J., Wallace, A. J. & Elles, R. Benchmark for evaluating the quality of DNA sequencing: proposal from an international external quality assessment scheme. Clin. Chem. 52, 728\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2005.061887 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-27375-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-27375-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-27375-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:47:24Z","timestamp":1765280844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-27375-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["27375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-27375-1","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/cpbi.100","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This work does not use any human participation, human material or human data. However, samples were collected per the recommendations of the Animal Research Ethics Committee (A-REC) of the UAEU (ethical approval no. ERA_2022_1629) and the experimental protocol was fully approved by the research office at the United Arab Emirates University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent of publication"}}],"article-number":"43448"}}