{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:34:24Z","timestamp":1793298864226,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013238","name":"Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[IO] R016633008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[IO] R016633008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27608-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T12:02:00Z","timestamp":1765800120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dexamethasone dosage and course effects on respiratory outcomes in preterm twins: retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-6187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saifon","family":"Chawanpaiboon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julaporn","family":"Pooliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monsak","family":"Chuchotiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","volume":"7","author":"S Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chawanpaiboon, S. et al. Global, regional, and National estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 7 (1), e37\u2013e46 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"9462","key":"27608_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5","volume":"365","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lawn, J. E., Cousens, S. & Zupan, J. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet. 365 (9462), 891\u2013900 (2005).","journal-title":"Why? Lancet"},{"key":"27608_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avery, M. E. & Mead, J. Surface properties in relation to atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease. AMA J Dis Child. ;97(5, Part 1):517\u2009\u2013\u200923. (1959).","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1959.02070010519001"},{"issue":"4","key":"27608_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.4.515","volume":"50","author":"GC Liggins","year":"1972","unstructured":"Liggins, G. C. & Howie, R. N. A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Pediatrics 50 (4), 515\u2013525 (1972).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"27608_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290065031","volume":"273","author":"Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. NIH consensus development panel on the effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. Jama 273 (5), 413\u2013418 (1995).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90222-8","volume":"173","author":"PA Crowley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crowley, P. A. Antenatal corticosteroid therapy: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials, 1972 to 1994. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 173 (1), 322\u2013335 (1995).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90210-4","volume":"173","author":"PL Ballard","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ballard, P. L. & Ballard, R. A. Scientific basis and therapeutic regimens for use of antenatal glucocorticoids. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 173 (1), 254\u2013262 (1995).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"11","key":"27608_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1484","volume":"154","author":"A Crudo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Crudo, A. et al. Effects of antenatal synthetic glucocorticoid on glucocorticoid receptor binding, DNA methylation, and genome-wide mRNA levels in the fetal male hippocampus. Endocrinology 154 (11), 4170\u20134181 (2013).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"27608_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.73","volume":"10","author":"VG Moisiadis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moisiadis, V. G. & Matthews, S. G. Glucocorticoids and fetal programming part 1: outcomes. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 10 (7), 391\u2013402 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"27608_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.74","volume":"10","author":"VG Moisiadis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moisiadis, V. G. & Matthews, S. G. Glucocorticoids and fetal programming part 2: mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 10 (7), 403\u2013411 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"12","key":"27608_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0086","volume":"150","author":"T Braun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Braun, T. et al. Effects of maternal dexamethasone treatment in early pregnancy on pituitary-adrenal axis in fetal sheep. Endocrinology 150 (12), 5466\u20135477 (2009).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"27608_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.182139","volume":"588","author":"E Dunn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dunn, E., Kapoor, A., Leen, J. & Matthews, S. G. Prenatal synthetic glucocorticoid exposure alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulation and pregnancy outcomes in mature female Guinea pigs. J. Physiol. 588 (Pt 5), 887\u2013899 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"27608_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30982","volume":"117","author":"A de Vries","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Vries, A. et al. Prenatal dexamethasone exposure induces changes in nonhuman primate offspring cardiometabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. J. Clin. Invest. 117 (4), 1058\u20131067 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"27608_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R960","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.3.R960","volume":"281","author":"TJ Moss","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moss, T. J. et al. Programming effects in sheep of prenatal growth restriction and glucocorticoid exposure. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 281 (3), R960\u2013R970 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"27608_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.164970","volume":"57","author":"TM Gwathmey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gwathmey, T. M., Shaltout, H. A., Rose, J. C., Diz, D. I. & Chappell, M. C. Glucocorticoid-induced fetal programming alters the functional complement of angiotensin receptor subtypes within the kidney. Hypertension 57 (3), 620\u2013626 (2011).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181924d3b","volume":"113","author":"I Antonow-Schlorke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Antonow-Schlorke, I. et al. Adverse effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on cerebral myelination in sheep. Obstet. Gynecol. 113 (1), 142\u2013151 (2009).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"27608_CR17","first-page":"309","volume":"6","author":"SA Dunlop","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dunlop, S. A., Archer, M. A., Quinlivan, J. A., Beazley, L. D. & Newnham, J. P. Repeated prenatal corticosteroids delay myelination in the ovine central nervous system. J. Matern Fetal Med. 6 (6), 309\u2013313 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Matern Fetal Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(90)90002-G","volume":"53","author":"H Uno","year":"1990","unstructured":"Uno, H. et al. Brain damage induced by prenatal exposure to dexamethasone in fetal rhesus macaques. I. Hippocampus. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 53 (2), 157\u2013167 (1990).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"27608_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70517-X","volume":"181","author":"BA Banks","year":"1999","unstructured":"Banks, B. A. et al. Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids and outcome of premature neonates. North American Thyrotropin-Releasing hormone study group. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 181 (3), 709\u2013717 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"27608_CR20","first-page":"485","volume":"97","author":"SL Bloom","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bloom, S. L., Sheffield, J. S., McIntire, D. D. & Leveno, K. J. Antenatal dexamethasone and decreased birth weight. Obstet. Gynecol. 97 (4), 485\u2013490 (2001).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"27608_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70160-2","volume":"180","author":"NP French","year":"1999","unstructured":"French, N. P., Hagan, R., Evans, S. F., Godfrey, M. & Newnham, J. P. Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: size at birth and subsequent development. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 180 (1 Pt 1), 114\u2013121 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR22","first-page":"101","volume":"99","author":"JA Thorp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thorp, J. A., Jones, P. G., Knox, E. & Clark, R. H. Does antenatal corticosteroid therapy affect birth weight and head circumference? Obstet. Gynecol. 99 (1), 101\u2013108 (2002).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"12","key":"27608_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071453","volume":"357","author":"RJ Wapner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wapner, R. J. et al. Long-term outcomes after repeat doses of antenatal corticosteroids. N Engl. J. Med. 357 (12), 1190\u20131198 (2007).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"27608_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071152","volume":"357","author":"CA Crowther","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crowther, C. A. et al. Outcomes at 2 years of age after repeat doses of antenatal corticosteroids. N Engl. J. Med. 357 (12), 1179\u20131189 (2007).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.09.033","volume":"202","author":"M Loehle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loehle, M. et al. Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lung. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 202 (2), 186e1\u2013186e7 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.560","volume":"218","author":"AF Schmidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmidt, A. F. et al. Low-dose betamethasone-acetate for fetal lung maturation in preterm sheep. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 218 (1), 132 (2018) e1-.e9.","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"27608_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.08.003","volume":"253","author":"X Kong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kong, X., Xu, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, S. & Feng, Z. Antenatal corticosteroids administration on mortality and morbidity in premature twins born at 25\u223c34 gestational weeks: A retrospective multicenter study. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 253, 259\u2013265 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"27608_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15014","volume":"125","author":"D Palas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palas, D. et al. Efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids in preterm twins: the EPIPAGE-2 cohort study. Bjog 125 (9), 1164\u20131170 (2018).","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"issue":"18","key":"27608_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1822806","volume":"35","author":"W Assad Gon\u00e7alves-Ferri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Assad Gon\u00e7alves-Ferri, W. et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of antenatal corticoid in preterm twin and single pregnancies: a multicenter cohort study. J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 35 (18), 3502\u20133508 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.07.006","volume":"230","author":"S Chawanpaiboon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chawanpaiboon, S., Chukaew, R. & Pooliam, J. A comparison of 2 doses of antenatal dexamethasone for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome: an open-label, noninferiority, pragmatic randomized trial. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 230 (2), 260 (2024) .e1-.e19","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"27608_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001711","volume":"128","author":"Practice Bulletin No","year":"2016","unstructured":"Practice Bulletin No. 171: management of preterm labor. Obstet. Gynecol. 128 (4), e155\u2013e164 (2016).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"27608_CR32","unstructured":"WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. WHO Recommendations on Interventions To Improve Preterm Birth Outcomes (World Health Organization, 2015)."},{"issue":"7","key":"27608_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21907","volume":"319","author":"E Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan, E., Brodie, D. & Slutsky, A. S. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Jama 319 (7), 698\u2013710 (2018).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"27608_CR34","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"SK Ahlfeld","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahlfeld, S. K. Respiratory tract disorders. In Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 21st edn (eds Kliegman, R. M. et al.) (Elsevier, 2020) (Chap. 122), 2180-2336.","edition":"21"},{"issue":"6","key":"27608_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2348OC","volume":"200","author":"EA Jensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jensen, E. A. et al. The diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm Infants. An Evidence-based approach. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 200 (6), 751\u2013759 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"27608_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200006000-00009","volume":"12","author":"J Gnanaratnem","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gnanaratnem, J. & Finer, N. N. Neonatal acute respiratory failure. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 12 (3), 227\u2013232 (2000).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"27608_CR37","first-page":"637","volume-title":"Volpe\u2019s Neurology of the Newborn","author":"J Volpe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Volpe, J., Inder, T. & Barra, B. Preterm intraventricular hemorrhage\/posthemorrhagic hydrocepha. In Volpe\u2019s Neurology of the Newborn (eds Inder, T. et al.) 637\u2013669 (Elsevier, 2018)."},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)34975-6","volume":"33","author":"MC Walsh","year":"1986","unstructured":"Walsh, M. C. & Kliegman, R. M. Necrotizing enterocolitis: treatment based on staging criteria. Pediatr. Clin. North. Am. 33 (1), 179\u2013201 (1986).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. North. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"27608_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001715","volume":"128","author":"Committee Opinion 677","year":"2016","unstructured":"Committee Opinion 677. Antenatal corticosteroid therapy for fetal maturation. Obstet. Gynecol. 128 (4), e187\u2013e194 (2016).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"27608_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab029","volume":"36","author":"C Monden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monden, C., Pison, G. & Smits, J. Twin peaks: more twinning in humans than ever before. Hum. Reprod. 36 (6), 1666\u20131673 (2021).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0245152","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245152","volume":"16","author":"AP Esteves-Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Esteves-Pereira, A. P. et al. Twin pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: data from \u2018Birth in Brazil study\u2019. PLoS One. 16 (1), e0245152 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.04.013","volume":"221","author":"KL Grantz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grantz, K. L. et al. SMFM special statement: state of the science on multifetal gestations: unique considerations and importance. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 221 (2), B2\u2013b12 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"9","key":"27608_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1668117","volume":"40","author":"DS Santana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santana, D. S., Surita, F. G. & Cecatti, J. G. Multiple pregnancy: epidemiology and association with maternal and perinatal morbidity. Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet. 40 (9), 554\u2013562 (2018).","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"JA Martin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Osterman, M. J., Curtin, S. C. & Matthews, T. J. Births: final data for 2013. Natl. Vital Stat. Rep. 64 (1), 1\u201365 (2015).","journal-title":"Natl. Vital Stat. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"27608_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00882.x","volume":"186","author":"EE Muggli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muggli, E. E. & Halliday, J. L. Folic acid and risk of twinning: a systematic review of the recent literature, July 1994 to July 2006. Med. J. Aust. 186 (5), 243\u2013248 (2007).","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust"},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12446","volume":"32","author":"JA Hutcheon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hutcheon, J. A. et al. Pregnancy weight gain by gestational age in women with uncomplicated dichorionic twin pregnancies. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 32 (2), 172\u2013180 (2018).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"27608_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-020-01107-4","volume":"23","author":"K Narang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Narang, K. & Szymanski, L. M. Multiple gestations and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: what do we know? Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 23 (1), 1 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"issue":"13","key":"27608_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.13.1581","volume":"286","author":"DA Guinn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guinn, D. A. et al. Single vs weekly courses of antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm delivery: A randomized controlled trial. Jama 286 (13), 1581\u20131587 (2001).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000110249.84858.90","volume":"103","author":"MJ Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee, M. J. et al. Single versus weekly courses of antenatal corticosteroids in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet. Gynecol. 103 (2), 274\u2013281 (2004).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01249-w","volume":"89","author":"AH Jobe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jobe, A. H. et al. Antenatal corticosteroids: a reappraisal of the drug formulation and dose. Pediatr. Res. 89 (2), 318\u2013325 (2021).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002237","volume":"130","author":"Committee Opinion No","year":"2017","unstructured":"Committee Opinion No. 713: antenatal corticosteroid therapy for fetal maturation. Obstet. Gynecol. 130 (2), e102\u2013e9 (2017).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"27608_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.07.023","volume":"225","author":"UM Reddy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reddy, U. M., Deshmukh, U., Dude, A., Harper, L. & Osmundson, S. S. Society for Maternal-Fetal medicine consult series #58: use of antenatal corticosteroids for individuals at risk for late preterm delivery: replaces SMFM statement #4, implementation of the use of antenatal corticosteroids in the late preterm birth period in women at risk for preterm delivery, August 2016. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 225 (5), B36\u2013b42 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"27608_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101916","volume":"58","author":"ARA McDougall","year":"2023","unstructured":"McDougall, A. R. A. et al. Effect of antenatal corticosteroid administration-to-birth interval on maternal and newborn outcomes: a systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 58, 101916 (2023).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"27608_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.177773","volume":"61","author":"MS Setia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Setia, M. S. Methodology series module 2: Case-control studies. Indian J. Dermatol. 61 (2), 146\u2013151 (2016).","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-27608-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-27608-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-27608-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:02:17Z","timestamp":1765803737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-27608-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["27608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-27608-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The datasets used and\/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data sharing information"}},{"value":"All authors completed the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors\u2019 Form for Uniform Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. All authors have nothing to disclose. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Research Committee and the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Siriraj Institutional Review Board (reference: Si890\/2022) on 23rd December 2022. This study was conducted as a retrospective chart review using de-identified patient data. As such, written informed consent was not required, in accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Research Committee and the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement with approval date"}}],"article-number":"43789"}}