{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T14:13:20Z","timestamp":1766067200800,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nuclear reactions between proton irradiation and boron via p +\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    B\u21923\u03b1 (boron proton-capture reaction; BPCR) and n +\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    B\u2192\u03b1+\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    Li (boron neutron-capture reaction; BNCR) enhance the cell-killing effects of proton beam irradiation (PBI); however, which reaction exerts superior sensitization effects remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of the BPCR and BNCR in enhancing the cell-killing effects of PBI. Human osteosarcoma (MG-63) and glioma (U-251 MG) cells were irradiated with PBI with and without boronophenylalanine (BPA) enriched with &gt; 95%\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    B (\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    B-BPA) for BNCR and BPA with natural isotopic abundance of boron (80%\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    B + 20%\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    B; N-BPA) for BPCR. Sensitizer enhancement ratios (SERs) were obtained by comparing the doses that yielded a surviving fraction of 10% (D\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). The D\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    values for PBI alone, PBI with\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    B-BPA, and PBI with N-BPA were 5.67, 4.85, and 5.51 and 5.21, 4.65, and 5.18 for MG-63 and U-251 MG cells, respectively. SERs of PBI with\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    B-BPA and N-BPA were 1.17 and 1.03 and 1.12 and 1.01 for MG-63 and U-251 MG cells, respectively. Our results indicate that\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    B-BPA-associated BNCR may be a better sensitizer for PBI than N-BPA-associated BPCR, which warrants further investigation into the clinical use of\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    B-enriched BPA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27619-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T10:43:21Z","timestamp":1765881801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensitization for proton beam therapy using 10B enriched and natural isotopic abundance of boronophenylalanine"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Shiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Tokuuye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motoko","family":"Omura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"27619_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paganetti, H. Proton Beam Therapy (IOP Publishing, 2016).","DOI":"10.1088\/978-0-7503-1370-4ch1"},{"key":"27619_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.02.022","volume":"101","author":"C Nantavithya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nantavithya, C. et al. Phase 2 study of stereotactic body radiation therapy and stereotactic body proton therapy for high-risk, medically inoperable, early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 101, 558\u2013563 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"27619_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190237","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190237","volume":"93","author":"DC Weber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weber, D. C. et al. Proton therapy for brain tumours in the area of evidence-based medicine. Br. J. Radiol. 93, 20190237 (2020).","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"27619_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-020-0889-9","volume":"22","author":"O Siddiqui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siddiqui, O., Pollock, A., Samanta, S., Kaiser, A. & Molitoris, J. K. Proton beam therapy in liver malignancies. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 22, 30 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"27619_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79045-3","volume":"14","author":"S Shiba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shiba, S. et al. Increased cell killing effect in neutron capture enhanced proton beam therapy. Sci. Rep. 14, 28484 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"27619_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12602","volume":"106","author":"P Wongthai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wongthai, P. et al. Boronophenylalanine, a Boron delivery agent for Boron neutron capture therapy, is transported by ATB0,+, LAT1 and LAT2. Cancer Sci. 106, 279\u2013286 (2015).","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"27619_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19258-5","volume":"8","author":"GAP Cirrone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cirrone, G. A. P. et al. First experimental proof of proton Boron capture therapy (PBCT) to enhance protontherapy effectiveness. Sci. Rep. 8, 1141 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"27619_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682647","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.682647","volume":"11","author":"P Bl\u00e1ha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bl\u00e1ha, P. et al. The proton-boron reaction increases the Radiobiological effectiveness of clinical low- and high-energy proton beams: novel experimental evidence and perspectives. Front. Oncol. 11, 682647 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"27619_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-023-04235-3","volume":"138","author":"VL Jacobsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jacobsen, V. L., Johansen, J. G. & Fynbo, H. O. U. Bassler, N. A Monte Carlo study of high-LET particle production in proton Boron therapy. Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 138, 625 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Plus"},{"key":"27619_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2014.942013","volume":"91","author":"AE Rossini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini, A. E. et al. Assessment of biological effectiveness of Boron neutron capture therapy in primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 91, 81\u201389 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"27619_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrx071","volume":"59","author":"E Sato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sato, E. et al. 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Tatsuya Ohno has received funding from Hitachi (Japan). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"43931"}}