{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:07:47Z","timestamp":1787616467269,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019345","name":"King Salman Center for Disability Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSRG-2024- 221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSRG-2024- 221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-29947-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:38:40Z","timestamp":1764239920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A smart assistive system for visually challenged people through efficient object detection using deep learning with tunicate swarm algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Alashjaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma A.","family":"Alhashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulbasit A.","family":"Darem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"29947_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.54216\/JCIM.020201","volume":"2","author":"D Prashar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prashar, D., Chakraborty, G. & Jha, S. Energy efficient laser based embedded system for blind turn traffic control. J. Cybersecur. Inform. Manage. 2(2), 35\u201343 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cybersecur. Inform. Manage."},{"key":"29947_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"03812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2022.103812","volume":"132","author":"R Kaur","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaur, R. & Singh, S. A comprehensive review of object detection with deep learning. Digit. Signal Process. 132, 03812 (2023).","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"29947_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3434398","volume":"54","author":"A Boukerche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boukerche, A. & Hou, Z. Object detection using deep learning methods in traffic scenarios. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 54(2), 1\u201335 (2021).","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"29947_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arya, C. et al. April. Object detection using deep learning: a review. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1854, No. 1, 012012 (IOP Publishing, 2021).","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1854\/1\/012012"},{"issue":"10","key":"29947_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12101667","volume":"12","author":"T Hoeser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoeser, T. & Kuenzer, C. Object detection and image segmentation with deep learning on earth observation data: A review-part i: Evolution and recent trends. Remote Sens. 12(10), 1667 (2020).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"29947_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cynthia, E. P. et al. Convolutional neural network and deep learning approach for image detection and identification. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2394, No. 1, 012019 (IOP Publishing, 2022).","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2394\/1\/012019"},{"key":"29947_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23729","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08976-6","volume":"79","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao, Y. et al. A review of object detection based on deep learning. Multimedia Tools Appl. 79, 23729\u201323791 (2020).","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"29947_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128837","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2939201","volume":"7","author":"L Jiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiao, L. et al. A survey of deep learning-based object detection. IEEE access. 7, 128837\u2013128868 (2019).","journal-title":"IEEE access."},{"issue":"6","key":"29947_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3051099","volume":"44","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, W. et al. Salient object detection in the deep learning era: an in-depth survey. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 44 (6), 3239\u20133259 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"29947_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gogineni, H. B., Bhuyan, H. K. & Lydia, L. Leveraging Marine Predators Algorithm with Deep Learning Object Detection for Accurate and Efficient Detection of Pedestrians. (2023).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3032129\/v1"},{"key":"29947_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkata, G., Shaik, M. F., Babu, G. U., Hariharan, M. & Patro, K. K. Deep Learning-Powered visual augmentation for the visually impaired. In Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Things Applications in Healthcare: Current Practices and Future Directions, 218\u2013233 (Bentham Science, 2025).","DOI":"10.2174\/9789815305210125010013"},{"issue":"1","key":"29947_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5071695","DOI":"10.1155\/jom\/5071695","volume":"2025","author":"H Alsolai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alsolai, H., Al-Wesabi, F. N., Motwakel, A. & Drar, S. Sine cosine optimization with deep Learning\u2013Driven object detector for visually impaired persons. J. Math. 2025(1), 5071695 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Math."},{"key":"29947_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudeshna, M. P., Karthika, G. K., Prathyusha, K. & Indhu, K. Object detection and recognitions using webcams with voice using Yolo algorithm. Environments. 25(01) (2025).","DOI":"10.36893\/IJESAT.2025.V25I1.02"},{"issue":"12","key":"29947_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/computation12120251","volume":"12","author":"Y Dzhurynskyi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dzhurynskyi, Y., Mayik, V. & Mayik, L. Enhancing accessibility: automated tactile graphics generation for individuals with visual impairments. Computation. 12(12), 251 (2024).","journal-title":"Computation."},{"key":"29947_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.111985","volume":"299","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. Object detection on low-resolution images with two-stage enhancement. Knowl. Based Syst. 299, 111985 (2024).","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"key":"29947_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, R. B., Akhter, S., Iqbal, F., Rahman, M. S. U. & Khan, R. Deep learning based object detection and surrounding environment description for visually impaired people. Heliyon. 9(6). (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16924"},{"issue":"8","key":"29947_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3390\/mti7080077","volume":"7","author":"TJ Alahmadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alahmadi, T. J., Rahman, A. U., Alkahtani, H. K. & Kholidy, H. Enhancing object detection for VIPs using YOLOv4_Resnet101 and text-to-speech conversion model. Multimodal Technol. Interact. 7(8), 77 (2023).","journal-title":"Multimodal Technol. Interact."},{"key":"29947_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikram, S., Bajwa, I., Gyawali, S., Ikram, A. & Alsubaie, N. Enhancing object detection in assistive technology for the visually impaired: A DETR-based approach. IEEE Access (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3558370"},{"issue":"19","key":"29947_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-09619-9","volume":"36","author":"FM Talaat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Talaat, F. M., Farsi, M., Badawy, M. & Elhosseini, M. SightAid: empowering the visually impaired in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with deep learning-based intelligent wearable vision system. Neural Comput. Appl. 36(19), 11075\u201311095 (2024).","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"11","key":"29947_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5887","DOI":"10.3390\/app15115887","volume":"15","author":"HH Ngo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ngo, H. H., Le, H. L. & Lin, F. C. Deep-learning-based cognitive assistance embedded systems for people with visual impairment. Appl. Sci. 15(11), 5887 (2025).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"29947_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.62762\/TIS.2025.613103","volume":"2","author":"FH Dahri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dahri, F. H., Abro, G. E. M., Dahri, N. A., Laghari, A. A. & Ali, Z. A. Advancing robotic automation with custom sequential deep CNN-Based indoor scene recognition. IECE Trans. Intell. Syst. 2 (1), 14\u201326 (2024).","journal-title":"IECE Trans. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"29947_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talaat, F. M., El-Shafai, W., Soliman, N. F., Algarni, A. D. & El-Samie, F. E. A. Intelligent wearable vision systems for the visually impaired in Saudi Arabia. Neural Comput. Appl.. 1\u201321 (2025).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-025-10987-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"29947_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2023.102387","volume":"15","author":"AB Atitallah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Atitallah, A. B. et al. An effective obstacle detection system using deep learning advantages to aid blind and visually impaired navigation. Ain Shams Eng. J. 15(2), 102387 (2024).","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"29947_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.31803\/tg-20231018184747","volume":"19","author":"A Chaudhary","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaudhary, A. & Verma, P. Improving freedom of visually impaired individuals with innovative EfficientNet and unified spatial-channel attention: A deep learning-based road surface detection system. Tehni\u010dki Glasnik. 19 (1), 17\u201325 (2025).","journal-title":"Tehni\u010dki Glasnik"},{"issue":"5","key":"29947_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20240057","DOI":"10.57197\/JDR-2024-0057","volume":"3","author":"MH Abidi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abidi, M. H., Alkhalefah, H. & Siddiquee, A. N. Enhancing navigation and object recognition for visually impaired individuals: a gradient support vector boosting-based crossover Golden Jackal Algorithm Approach. J. Disability Res. 3(5), 20240057 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Disability Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"29947_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"U Kadam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kadam, U. et al. Hazardous object detection for visually impaired people using edge device. SN Comput. Sci. 6 (1), 1\u201313 (2025).","journal-title":"SN Comput. Sci."},{"key":"29947_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arsalwad, G. et al. YOLOInsight: artificial intelligence-powered assistive device for visually impaired using internet of things and real-time object detection. Cureus. 1(1) (2024).","DOI":"10.7759\/s44389-024-02353-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"29947_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92283-3","volume":"15","author":"F Ullah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ullah, F., Kumar, K., Rahim, T., Khan, J. & Jung, Y. A new hybrid image denoising algorithm using adaptive and modified decision-based filters for enhanced image quality. Sci. Rep. 15(1), 8971 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"29947_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olamofe, J., Qian, L. & Field, K. G. Performance evaluation of image super-resolution for cavity detection in irradiated materials. IEEE Access (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3559443"},{"key":"29947_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathew, M. P., Elayidom, S., VP, J. R. & KM, A. A depth-wise separable VGG19-capsule network for enhanced bell pepper and grape leaf disease classification with ensemble activation. Environ. Res. Commun. (2025).","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/adca02"},{"issue":"3","key":"29947_CR31","first-page":"1222","volume":"26","author":"W Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu, W. et al. Load demand prediction based on improved algorithm and deep confidence network. Scalable Computing: Pract. Experience. 26 (3), 1222\u20131230 (2025).","journal-title":"Scalable Computing: Pract. Experience"},{"issue":"4","key":"29947_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70107","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70107","volume":"13","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Predicting porosity in grain compression experiments using random forest and metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Food Sci. Nutr. 13 (4), e70107 (2025).","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"29947_CR33","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/thepbordin\/indoor-object-detection."},{"issue":"22","key":"29947_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13224419","volume":"13","author":"Z Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan, Z., Mei, W., Liu, W., Chen, M. & Qiu, Z. I-DINO: High-quality object detection for indoor scenes. Electronics. 13(22), 4419 (2024).","journal-title":"Electronics."},{"issue":"8","key":"29947_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging8080209","volume":"8","author":"E Heikel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heikel, E. & Espinosa-Leal, L. Indoor scene recognition via object detection and TF-IDF. J. Imaging. 8(8), 209 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Imaging."},{"key":"29947_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171934","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957034","volume":"7","author":"N Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo, N., Wang, Q., Wei, Q. & Jing, C. Object-level segmentation of indoor point clouds by the convexity of adjacent object regions. IEEE Access. 7, 171934\u2013171949 (2019).","journal-title":"IEEE Access."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-29947-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-29947-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-29947-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:17:55Z","timestamp":1777130275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-29947-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["29947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-29947-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45540"}}