{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:42:23Z","timestamp":1767706943852,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30110-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T01:54:40Z","timestamp":1764899680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Congestion management using monarch butterfly optimization in restructured power system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hemamalini","family":"M","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Senthil Kumar","family":"V","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"30110_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1109\/5.823997","volume":"88","author":"R Christie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Christie, R., Wollenberg, B. & Wangensteen, I. Transmission management in the deregulated environment. Proc. IEEE. 88(2), 170\u2013195 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"30110_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2005.05.001","volume":"76","author":"A Kumar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Srivastava, S. & Singh, S. Congestion management in competitive power market: A bibliographical survey. Elec Pow Sys Res. 76(1\u20133), 153\u2013164 (2005).","journal-title":"Elec Pow Sys Res."},{"key":"30110_CR3","unstructured":"Lo, K., Yuen, S. & Snider, L. Congestion management in deregulated electricity markets. In Proc. of Int. Conf. on Elec. Util. Dereg. and Restruc. and Pow. Tech. 47\u201352 (London, UK, 2000)."},{"issue":"2","key":"30110_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2023.3333413","volume":"11","author":"D Jalota","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jalota, D. et al. When efficiency Meets equity in congestion pricing and revenue refunding schemes. IEEE Trans. Cont. Net Sys. 11(2), 1127\u20131138 (2024).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cont. Net Sys"},{"issue":"4","key":"30110_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5344","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2024.3395228","volume":"60","author":"H Pereira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pereira, H., Faia, R., Gomes, L., Faria, P. & Vale, Z. Congestion management in energy communities using a two-step demand response methodology. IEEE Trans. Ind. Applns. 60(4), 5344\u20135351 (2024).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Applns"},{"issue":"14","key":"30110_CR6","first-page":"24483","volume":"11","author":"H Doan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doan, H., Huy, T., Kim, D. & Kim, H. Fully decentralized peer-to-peer community grid with dynamic and congestion pricing. IEEE IOT J. 11(14), 24483\u201324496 (2024).","journal-title":"IEEE IOT J."},{"issue":"3","key":"30110_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2869672","volume":"13","author":"R Peesapati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peesapati, R., Yadav, A., Yadav, V. K. & Kumar, N. GSA-FAPSO-based generators active power rescheduling for transmission congestion management. IEEE Syst. 13(3), 3266\u20133273 (2019).","journal-title":"IEEE Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"30110_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s11708-016-0404-z","volume":"10","author":"M Sarwar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarwar, M. & Siddiqui, A. An approach to locational marginal price based zonal congestion management in deregulated electricity market. Front. Energy 10(2), 240\u2013248 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Energy"},{"key":"30110_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71091","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3187723","volume":"10","author":"M Prashant, Sarwar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prashant, Sarwar, M., Siddiqui, A., Ghoneim, S., Mahmoud, K. & Darwish, M. Effective transmission congestion management via optimal DG capacity using hybrid swarm optimization for contemporary power system operations. IEEE Access. 10, 71091\u201371106 (2022).","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"key":"30110_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108779","volume":"146","author":"E Deshnavi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deshnavi, E., Akmal, A. & Moein, M. Developing a novel zonal congestion management based on demand response programs considering dynamic transmission ratings. Int. Jour Elec Pow Ener Sys. 146, 108779 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. Jour Elec Pow Ener Sys"},{"issue":"4","key":"30110_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6738","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2024.3476200","volume":"70","author":"P Omrani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Omrani, P., Hossein, Y., Nikoofard, A., Salehizadeh, M. & Liu, J. Dynamic congestion management with Chance-constrained MPC in networked microgrids under consumers-related uncertainties. IEEE Trans. Cons Elec. 70(4), 6738\u20136746 (2024).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cons Elec"},{"key":"30110_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-023-02197-4","volume":"106","author":"E Deshnavi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deshnavi, E., Akmal, A. & Moein, M. A novel day-ahead and real-time model of transmission congestion management using uncertainties prioritizing. Electr. Eng. 106, 4031\u20134044 (2024).","journal-title":"Electr. Eng."},{"key":"30110_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.108672","volume":"213","author":"E Deshnavi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deshnavi, E., Akmal, A. & Moein, M. A novel congestion management method through power system partitioning. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 213, 108672 (2022).","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"30110_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1049\/gtd2.12577","volume":"17","author":"A Divya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Divya, A., Rajkumar, V., Pallavi, C., Farhad, I. & Akbar, A. Transmission network congestion control by DESS through interval computation and capacity optimization via hybrid DE-PSO technique. IET Gen. Trans. Distri. 17, 551\u2013572 (2023).","journal-title":"IET Gen. Trans. Distri"},{"key":"30110_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s40095-021-00457-2","volume":"13","author":"K Paul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paul, K. Modified grey Wolf optimization approach for power system transmission line congestion management based on the influence of solar photovoltaic system. Int. Jour Ener Envi Eng. 13, 751\u2013767 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Jour Ener Envi Eng."},{"key":"30110_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s44147-023-00310-9","volume":"70","author":"C Reddy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reddy, C., Rayudu, K., Sharanya, M., Patthi, S. & Rao, J. Integrating hydro and wind resources for effective congestion management in a hybrid electricity market. Jour Eng. Appl. Sci. 70, 155 (2023).","journal-title":"Jour Eng. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"30110_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2024.111203","volume":"239","author":"M Atazadegan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Atazadegan, M., Moosanezhad, J., Chyad, M., Shami, H. & Zhang, J. A novel analytical method for optimal management of network congestion caused by electric vehicle charging stations. Elec Pow Sys Res. 239, 111203 (2025).","journal-title":"Elec Pow Sys Res."},{"issue":"13919","key":"30110_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"N Bouchikhi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bouchikhi, N. et al. Optimal distributed generation placement and sizing using modified grey Wolf optimization and ETAP for power system performance enhancement and protection adaptation. Sci. Rep. 15(13919), 1\u201331 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"30110_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2023.3336640","volume":"22","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, J., Liu, M. & Wu, H. The demand-side management and control Pf smart grids based on weighted network congestion games. IEEE Trans. Aut Sci. Eng. 22, 43\u201352 (2025).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aut Sci. Eng."},{"key":"30110_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asija, D., Soni, K., Sinha, S. & Yadav, V. LMP difference approach for management of transmission congestion. Adv. Pow Sys Ener Man. 553\u2013561 (2017).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-4394-9_54"},{"key":"30110_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2020.100406","volume":"24","author":"Y Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong, Y., Taylar, J. & Fajardo, A. Locational marginal price forecasting in a day-ahead power market using Spatiotemporal deep learning network. Sust Ener Grids Net. 24, 100406 (2020).","journal-title":"Sust Ener Grids Net"},{"key":"30110_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.107793","volume":"206","author":"A Garcia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garcia, A. et al. Forecasting of locationnal marginal price components with artificial intelligence and sensitivity analysis: A study under tropical weather and renewable Powernfor the Mexican Southeast. Elec Pow Sys Res. 206, 107793 (2022).","journal-title":"Elec Pow Sys Res."},{"key":"30110_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363377","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1363377","volume":"2023","author":"M. Nikkhah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nikkhah, M., Samadi, M., Hajiabadi, M. & Lotfi, H. Providing a novel approach based on decomposition for congestion management considering EVCSs, wind farms and DLC. Int. J. Energy Res. 2023, 1363377 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"30110_CR24","first-page":"112102","volume":"94","author":"S Krishna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krishna, S., Deepak, M. & Sunitha, R. Locational marginal price based scheduling strategy for effective utilization of battery energy storage in PV integrated distribution system. Jour Ener Stor. 94, 112102 (2024).","journal-title":"Jour Ener Stor"},{"key":"30110_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-1923-y","volume":"31","author":"G Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, G., Deb, S. & Cui, Z. Monarch butterfly optimization. Neural Comput. Applic. 31, 1995\u20132014 (2019).","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Applic"},{"key":"30110_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7445","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89453-8","volume":"15","author":"S Geetha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geetha, S., Elakiya, E., Kanmani, R. & Das, M. High performance fake review detection using pretrained DeBERTa optimized with monarch butterfly paradigm. Sci. Rep. 15, 7445 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"30110_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108729","volume":"145","author":"V Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh, V., Fozdar, M., Malik, H. & Marquez, F. Transmission congestion management through sensitivity based rescheduling of generators using improved monarch butterfly optimization. Elec Pow Ener Sys. 145, 108729 (2023).","journal-title":"Elec Pow Ener Sys"},{"key":"30110_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-022-01493-9","volume":"104","author":"G Sreenivasulu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sreenivasulu, G. & Balakrishna, P. Feasibility assessment and optimal dispatch of multilateral transactions in deregulated power markets with distributed generations. Elec Eng. 104, 2417\u20132435 (2022).","journal-title":"Elec Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"30110_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2010.2045906","volume":"1","author":"F Rahimi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rahimi, F. & Ipakchi, A. Demand response as a market resource under smart grid paradigm. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid. 1 (1), 82\u201388 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"30110_CR30","unstructured":"Zimerman, R., Murillo-Sachez, C. & Gam, D. M. A. T. P. O. W. E. R. A MATLAB Power System Simulation Package, version 3.2. Available at http:\/\/www.pserc.cornell.edu\/matpower."},{"issue":"12","key":"30110_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2006.11.014","volume":"77","author":"D Gautam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gautam, D. & Mithulanathan, N. Optimal DG placement in deregulated electricity market. Elec Pow Sys Res. 77(12), 1627\u20131636 (2007).","journal-title":"Elec Pow Sys Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"30110_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/15325008.2013.843218","volume":"42","author":"K Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh, K., Yadav, V., Padhy, N. & Sharma, J. Congestion management considering optimal placement of distributed generator in deregulated power system networks. Elec Pow Comp. Sys. 42(1), 13\u201322 (2014).","journal-title":"Elec Pow Comp. Sys"},{"key":"30110_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.17651920","author":"M. Hemamalini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hemamalini, M. Congestion management using monarch butterfly optimization in restructured power system. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17651920 (2025).","journal-title":"Zenodo"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30110-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30110-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30110-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:40:10Z","timestamp":1767706810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30110-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["30110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-30110-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"584"}}