{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:20:11Z","timestamp":1779916811659,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30287-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T03:03:31Z","timestamp":1764471811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electronic and thermal properties of hybridized and nanostructured forms of SnSe"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6446-4371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mergim","family":"G\u00fclmen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sava\u015f","family":"Berber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"30287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-020-3247-1","volume":"14","author":"F Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong, F. et al. Recent progress and challenges on two-dimensional material photodetectors from the perspective of advanced characterization technologies. Nano Res. 14(6), 1840\u20131862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12274-020-3247-1 (2021).","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"30287_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6976","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.8b01792","volume":"1","author":"P Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, P., Xu, W., Gao, Y., Warner, J. H. & Castell, M. R. Epitaxial growth of monolayer MoS2 on SrTiO3 single crystal substrates for applications in nanoelectronics. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 1(12), 6976\u20136988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsanm.8b01792 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"issue":"27","key":"30287_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201701011","volume":"27","author":"L Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Few-layered PtS2 phototransistor on h-BN with high gain. Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(27), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201701011 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"48","key":"30287_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8035","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503873","volume":"27","author":"X Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, X. et al. Ultrathin SnSe2 flakes grown by chemical vapor deposition for high-performance photodetectors. Adv. Mater. 27(48), 8035\u20138041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201503873 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"30287_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1039\/b822664b","volume":"2","author":"AJ Minnich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Minnich, A. J., Dresselhaus, M. S., Ren, Z. F. & Chen, G. Bulk nanostructured thermoelectric materials: Current research and future prospects. Energy Environ. Sci. 2(5), 466\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/b822664b (2009).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"30287_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2013.06.003","volume":"58","author":"S Walia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walia, S. et al. Transition metal oxides\u2014Thermoelectric properties. Prog. Mater. Sci. 58(8), 1443\u20131489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2013.06.003 (2013).","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"30287_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1021\/nl504764m","volume":"15","author":"GA Muller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muller, G. A., Cook, J. B., Kim, H. S., Tolbert, S. H. & Dunn, B. High performance pseudocapacitor based on 2D layered metal chalcogenide nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 15(3), 1911\u20131917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/nl504764m (2015).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"6338","key":"30287_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam5852","volume":"356","author":"H Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun, H. et al. \u201cThree-dimensional holey-graphene\/niobia composite architectures for ultrahigh-rate energy storage. Science (80). 356(6338), 599\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aam5852 (2017).","journal-title":"Science (80)."},{"issue":"18","key":"30287_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201606755","volume":"29","author":"N Parvin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parvin, N. et al. Few-layer graphdiyne nanosheets applied for multiplexed real-time DNA detection. Adv. Mater. 29(18), 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201606755 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"13","key":"30287_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201505124","volume":"28","author":"M Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park, M. et al. MoS2-based tactile sensor for electronic skin applications. Adv. Mater. 28(13), 2556\u20132562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201505124 (2016).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"30287_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.136.B864","volume":"136","author":"P Hohenberg","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hohenberg, P. & Kohn, W. Inhomogeneous electron gas. Phys. Rev. B 136(4), 864\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRev.136.B864 (1964).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"30287_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818475-2.00006-4","author":"D Er","year":"2020","unstructured":"Er, D. & Ghatak, K. Atomistic modeling by density functional theory of two-dimensional materials. Inc https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-818475-2.00006-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Inc"},{"key":"30287_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-5723-8","volume-title":"Thermoelectric Refrigeration","author":"HJ Goldsmid","year":"1964","unstructured":"Goldsmid, H. J. Thermoelectric Refrigeration (Springer, 1964)."},{"key":"30287_CR14","volume-title":"Heat Transfer Handbook","author":"A Bejan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bejan, A. & Kraus, A. D. Heat Transfer Handbook (John Wiley & Sons, 2003)."},{"issue":"19","key":"30287_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12123","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00255","volume":"116","author":"G Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan, G., Zhao, L. D. & Kanatzidis, M. G. Rationally designing high-performance bulk thermoelectric materials. Chem. Rev. 116(19), 12123\u201312149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00255 (2016).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"30287_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200600527","volume":"19","author":"MS Dresselhaus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dresselhaus, M. S. et al. New directions for low-dimensional thermoelectric materials. Adv. Mater. 19(8), 1043\u20131053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.200600527 (2007).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"7496","key":"30287_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13184","volume":"508","author":"LD Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao, L. D. et al. Ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric figure of merit in SnSe crystals. Nature 508(7496), 373\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13184 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"30287_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00490","volume":"56","author":"S Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai, S., Zhang, X. & Zhao, L. D. Rethinking SnSe thermoelectrics from computational materials science. Acc. Chem. Res. 56(21), 3065\u20133075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00490 (2023).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"30287_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6826","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201508381","volume":"55","author":"WG Zeier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeier, W. G. et al. Thinking like a chemist: intuition in thermoelectric materials. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 55(24), 6826\u20136841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201508381 (2016).","journal-title":"Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed."},{"key":"30287_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2016.08.009","volume":"126","author":"JC Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, J. C., Li, D., Qin, X. Y. & Zhang, J. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of p-type SnSe doped with Zn. Scr. Mater. 126, 6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2016.08.009 (2017).","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"30287_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5023125","volume":"112","author":"S Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Low temperature thermoelectric properties of p -type doped single-crystalline SnSe. Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5023125 (2018).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"30287_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6277","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1712013","volume":"95","author":"O Yamashita","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yamashita, O. & Tomiyoshi, S. High performance n-type bismuth telluride with highly stable thermoelectric figure of merit. J. Appl. Phys. 95(11), 6277\u20136283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.1712013 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"14","key":"30287_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3372636","volume":"96","author":"HY Lv","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lv, H. Y. et al. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of (Sb0.75 Bi 0.25)2 Te3 compound from first-principles calculations. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(14), 2010\u20132013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.3372636 (2010).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"30287_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/eem2.12361","volume":"6","author":"W Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao, W., Wang, Z., Miao, L., Shi, J. & Xiong, R. Extremely anisotropic thermoelectric properties of SnSe Under pressure. Energy Environ. Mater. 6(3), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eem2.12361 (2023).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Mater."},{"key":"30287_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.157362","volume":"853","author":"LT Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, L. T. et al. Influence of pressure on phase transition, electronic and thermoelectric properties of SnSe. J. Alloys Compd. 853, 157362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.157362 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"issue":"28","key":"30287_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9519","DOI":"10.1021\/ja1013745","volume":"132","author":"WJ Baumgardner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baumgardner, W. J., Choi, J. J., Lim, Y. F. & Hanrath, T. SnSe nanocrystals: Synthesis, structure, optical properties, and surface chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(28), 9519\u20139521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja1013745 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"30287_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-022-05490-8","volume":"24","author":"HH Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, H. H. et al. SnSe nanoparticles with the ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity: synthesis and characterization. J. Nanoparticle Res. 24, 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11051-022-05490-8 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticle Res."},{"key":"30287_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13624","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c03393","volume":"24","author":"J Schulz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schulz, J. et al. Controlled growth of two-dimensional SnSe\/SnS Core\/Crown heterostructures. Nano Lett. 24, 13624\u201313630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c03393 (2024).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"30287_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-025-14299-9","volume":"36","author":"M Irshad Ahamed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Irshad Ahamed, M., Ayyappa, R., Edward Anand, E. & Krishnamoorthy, R. Investigation of thermally evaporated SnSe nano structure layer for photovoltaic use: a structural, morphological, and electrical analysis. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 36(3), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10854-025-14299-9 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"30287_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2020-10455-0","volume":"93","author":"N Neophytou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neophytou, N. et al. Hierarchically nanostructured thermoelectric materials: challenges and opportunities for improved power factors. Eur. Phys. J. B. 93, 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epjb\/e2020-10455-0 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. B."},{"issue":"17","key":"30287_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10531","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NR00333D","volume":"17","author":"P Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu, P. et al. Solution-synthesized nanostructured materials with high thermoelectric performance. Nanoscale 17(17), 10531\u201310556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D5NR00333D (2025).","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"30287_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.169364","volume":"946","author":"M Shtern","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shtern, M. et al. Mechanical properties and thermal stability of nanostructured thermoelectric materials on the basis of PbTe and GeTe. J. Alloys Compd. 946, 169364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.169364 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"30287_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-023-06690-2","author":"C Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. SnSe nanosheet hybridized with reduced graphene oxide for enhanced hydrogen revolution reaction. Appl. Phys. A https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00339-023-06690-2 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"30287_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"094115","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.094115","volume":"105","author":"H Pang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pang, H. et al. Hybridization-driven strong anharmonicity in Yb-filled skutterudites. Phys. Rev. B. 105, 094115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.094115 (2022).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B."},{"issue":"28","key":"30287_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201700661","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. 2D black phosphorus for energy storage and thermoelectric applications. Small 13(28), 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.201700661 (2017).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"30287_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.11.098","volume":"27","author":"FE Jorge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jorge, F. E. et al. Evaluation of thermoelectric properties of hybrid polyaniline nanocomposites incorporated with graphene oxide and zinc oxide with different morphologies. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 27, 6822\u20136832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.11.098 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"30287_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1039\/c7qm00306d","volume":"1","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, Y. et al. Designing hybrid architectures for advanced thermoelectric materials. Mater. Chem. Front. 1(12), 2457\u20132473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7qm00306d (2017).","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"issue":"46","key":"30287_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465901","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648X\/aa8f79","volume":"29","author":"BS Giannozzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giannozzi, B. S. et al. Advanced capabilities for materials modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO. J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 29(46), 465901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-648X\/aa8f79 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter."},{"key":"30287_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/21\/39\/395502","volume":"21","author":"P Giannozzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giannozzi, P. et al. Quantum espresso: A modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials. J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 21, 39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0953-8984\/21\/39\/395502 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter."},{"issue":"48","key":"30287_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41525","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865","volume":"10","author":"JP Perdew","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perdew, J. P., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys Rev Lett. 10(48), 41525\u201341534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"30287_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2006.03.007","volume":"175","author":"GKH Madsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Madsen, G. K. H. & Singh, D. J. BoltzTraP. A code for calculating band-structure dependent quantities. Comput. Phys. Commun. 175(1), 67\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpc.2006.03.007 (2006).","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"30287_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.68.125210","volume":"68","author":"J Scheidemantel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scheidemantel, J., Ambrosch-Draxl, C., Thonhauser, T., Badding, V. & Sofo, O. Transport coefficients from first-principles calculations. Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 68(12), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.68.125210 (2003).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys."},{"key":"30287_CR43","volume-title":"Graphene Properties, Preparation, Characterization and Applications","author":"V Skakalova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skakalova, V. & Kaiser, A. B. Graphene Properties, Preparation, Characterization and Applications (Woodhead Publishing, 2021)."},{"key":"30287_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.1c00720","volume":"3","author":"MJ Molaei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molaei, M. J., Younas, M. & Rezakazemi, M. A comprehensive review on recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 3, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsaelm.1c00720 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"30287_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202101589","volume":"33","author":"PMA Soumyabrata Roy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soumyabrata Roy, P. M. A. et al. Structure, properties and applications of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride. Adv. Mater. 33, 44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202101589 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"30287_CR46","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"CKN Moller","year":"1959","unstructured":"Moller, C. K. N. The structure of Caesium Plumbo Iodide CaPbI3. Math. - Phys. Releases. 32, 1 (1959).","journal-title":"Math. - Phys. Releases."},{"issue":"18","key":"30287_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11124","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ta01252e","volume":"9","author":"Z Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao, Z., Zhao, W. & Liu, S. Stability of the CsPbI3perovskite: From fundamentals to improvements. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(18), 11124\u201311144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d1ta01252e (2021).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"30287_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2013.0270","volume":"372","author":"PJ Hasnip","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hasnip, P. J. et al. Density functional theory in the solid state. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 372, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2013.0270 (2014).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"30287_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2022.413668","volume":"630","author":"A Ghafari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghafari, A., Khan, W. & Janowitz, C. 2022 Electronic structure and engineered thermoelectric properties of SnSe. Phys B Condens. Matter. 630, 413668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physb.2022.413668 (2021).","journal-title":"Phys B Condens. Matter."},{"issue":"20","key":"30287_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.91.205201","volume":"91","author":"K Kutorasinski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kutorasinski, K., Wiendlocha, B., Kaprzyk, S. & Tobola, J. Electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of n And p type SnSe from first-principles calculations. Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 91(20), 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevB.91.205201 (2015).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"30287_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-999-0211-y","volume":"28","author":"HJ Goldsmid","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goldsmid, H. J. & Sharp, J. W. Estimation of the thermal band gap of a semiconductor from Seebeck measurements. J. Electron. Mater. 28(7), 869\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11664-999-0211-y (1999).","journal-title":"J. Electron. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"30287_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1021\/cm060261t","volume":"18","author":"SR Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown, S. R., Kauzlarich, S. M., Gascoin, F. & Jeffrey Snyder, G. Yb 14MnSb 11: New high efficiency thermoelectric material for power generation. Chem. Mater. 18(7), 1873\u20131877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cm060261t (2006).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"30287_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4942890","volume":"108","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Optimization of thermoelectric properties in n-type SnSe doped with BiCl3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(8), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4942890 (2016).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"30287_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3762\/BJNANO.12.82","volume":"12","author":"MA Sattar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sattar, M. A., Al Bouzieh, N., Benkraouda, M. & Amrane, N. First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the \u03c0-SnSe for thermoelectric applications. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 12, 1101\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3762\/BJNANO.12.82 (2021).","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"30287_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10715","DOI":"10.1039\/b000000x","volume":"3","author":"C-L Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, C.-L., Wang, H., Chen, Y.-Y., Daya, T. & Snydera, G. J. Thermoelectric properties of p-type polycrystalline SnSe doped with Ag. J. Mater. Chem. C 3, 10715\u201310722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/b000000x (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"issue":"46","key":"30287_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25337","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cp03328k","volume":"16","author":"LF Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan, L. F. & Beckman, S. P. Complex borides based on AlLiB14 as high-temperature thermoelectric compounds. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(46), 25337\u201325341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c4cp03328k (2014).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"30287_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00598-7","volume":"7","author":"A Shafique","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shafique, A. & Shin, Y. H. Thermoelectric and phonon transport properties of two-dimensional IV-VI compounds. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-00598-7 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"21","key":"30287_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7355","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.8b03732","volume":"30","author":"C Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang, C., Tan, G., He, J., Kanatzidis, M. G. & Zhao, L. D. The thermoelectric properties of snse continue to surprise: extraordinary electron and phonon transport. Chem. Mater. 30(21), 7355\u20137367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemmater.8b03732 (2018).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"30287_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.05.003","volume":"715","author":"FK Butt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Butt, F. K. et al. Investigation of thermoelectric properties of novel cubic phase SnSe: A promising material for thermoelectric applications. J. Alloys Compd. 715, 438\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.05.003 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"30287_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2015.04.073","volume":"643","author":"X Guan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guan, X. et al. Thermoelectric properties of SnSe compound. J. Alloys Compd. 643, 116\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2015.04.073 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30287-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30287-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30287-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T12:21:55Z","timestamp":1767788515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30287-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["30287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-30287-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"733"}}