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However, conventional synthesis methods pose challenges, including toxicity, high costs, and poor colloidal stability. Green synthesis using plant extracts offers a sustainable alternative by leveraging natural bioactive compounds. This study compares CS synthesized via a patented plant-based method (CS\n                    <jats:sub>BX3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), Lemon Juice (CS\n                    <jats:sub>LJ<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and Green Tea (CS\n                    <jats:sub>GT<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), with a commercial reference (CS\n                    <jats:sub>Ref<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Characterization using UV\u2013Vis, DLS, SEM, Zeta Potential, and EDS assessed particle size, stability, and composition under stress conditions: long-term storage (60\u00a0days), varying temperatures (4\u201337\u00a0\u00b0C), pH (3\u201311), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Antioxidant activity was evaluated and antimicrobial efficacy against\n                    <jats:italic>E.coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    to determine MIC. CS\n                    <jats:sub>BX3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CS\n                    <jats:sub>LJ<\/jats:sub>\n                    showed superior stability under various stress conditions CS\n                    <jats:sub>BX3<\/jats:sub>\n                    retained colloidal stability both at low temperatures (3.97% size reduction at 4\u00a0\u00b0C) and in PBS (14.2% in SPR intensity). CS\n                    <jats:sub>LJ<\/jats:sub>\n                    displayed strong steric stabilization, showing minimal size variation in PBS. Zeta potential and SEM analyses confirmed that CS\n                    <jats:sub>BX3<\/jats:sub>\n                    maintained dispersion and particle uniformity across neutral and alkaline pH, while CS\n                    <jats:sub>GT<\/jats:sub>\n                    showed significant aggregation\n                    <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    CS\n                    <jats:sub>GT<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CS\n                    <jats:sub>BX3<\/jats:sub>\n                    showed the most potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (20% higher antioxidant activity than other CS solutions and over 90% bacterial eradication within 24\u00a0h). These results highlight the potential of green-synthesized CS for food, biomedical, and personal care applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30332-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T02:25:17Z","timestamp":1764901517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A comparative evaluation of green colloidal silver variants for enhanced stability and bioactivity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Trotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Winning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Sadiatoonasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Fatemeh","family":"Mirpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Lignou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer Khalil","family":"Ghawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Charalampopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"30332_CR1","unstructured":"Environment UN. 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