{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:46:12Z","timestamp":1777131972476,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Songmin Medicare"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) and urethral pain are frequent issues following urethral catheterization, particularly after urogynecological procedures. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a ropivacaine-eluting urethral catheter in reducing CRBD. Sixty female patients undergoing urogynecological surgery were randomized into three groups: Control arm, 0.5% ropivacaine 1 mL\/hr (Study arm 1), and 0.5% ropivacaine 2 mL\/hr (Study arm 2), with 20 patients each. CRBD incidence and severity at 24\u00a0h postoperatively were assessed. Adverse events and patient discomfort were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Baseline demographics including age, ASA score, body mass index, and surgery type were not significantly different among groups (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). CRBD incidence was 65.0% (Control arm), 36.8% (Study arm 1), and 21.1% (Study arm 2) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.018). CRBD severity was significantly lower in both study arms compared to control (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant differences in adverse events were observed among groups. Catheter-related discomfort(\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008) and patient preference for future reuse of catheter (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004) differed significantly. An appropriate dose of ropivacaine eluting urethral catheter significantly reduced the incidence and severity of CRBD and the discomfort with catheter usage in patients undergoing urogynecological surgery without significant adverse events while achieving preference for future reuse of analgesic-eluting catheters.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Registry<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Number: KCT0010934, Registration date: 22nd August 2025. (Direct link: https:\/\/cris.nih.go.kr\/cris\/search\/detailSearch.do?search_lang=E&amp;focus=reset_12&amp;search_page=L&amp;pageSize=10&amp;page=undefined&amp;seq=31096&amp;status=5&amp;seq_group=31066).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30343-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:59:20Z","timestamp":1764262760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of analgesic-eluting urethral catheter after urogynecological surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yoon-Jung","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suk Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kookjin","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5201-2490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwanik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"30343_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2040108.054","volume":"24","author":"EB Jang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jang, E. B. et al. Catheter-related bladder discomfort: how can we manage it? Int. Neurourol. J. 24 (4), 324\u2013331 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. Neurourol. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"30343_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-023-01195-9","volume":"23","author":"J Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren, J., Yu, T., Tian, Y. & Luo, G. Comparative effectiveness of interventions for managing urological postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Urol. 23 (1), 29 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"key":"30343_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, K. T. et al. Efficacy and safety of urethral catheter with continuous infusion of ropivacaine after urologic surgery: a pilot prospective randomized controlled trial. J. Pers. Med. 14 (8), 835 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14080835"},{"key":"30343_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S. et al. A multicenter, randomized, single-blind trial evaluating a multi-porous urethral catheter with continuous local ropivacaine infusion for the reduction of postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort. J. Clin. Med. 14 (12), 4215 (2025).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14124215"},{"issue":"1","key":"30343_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_469_23","volume":"41","author":"K Kumari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumari, K. et al. The efficacy and safety of continuous transmuscular quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic nephrectomy: A prospective randomized clinical trial. J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol. 41 (1), 158\u2013163 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"30343_CR6","first-page":"e84809","volume":"17","author":"G Wadhwa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wadhwa, G. et al. Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery: does ropivacaine offer hemodynamic advantages over bupivacaine? Cureus 17 (5), e84809 (2025).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"30343_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4103\/iju.iju_431_23","volume":"40","author":"J Purushothaman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Purushothaman, J. et al. Intravesical bupivacaine in reducing catheter-related bladder discomfort and lower urinary tract symptoms after transurethral surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Indian J. Urol. 40 (3), 161\u2013166 (2024).","journal-title":"Indian J. Urol."},{"issue":"37","key":"30343_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4859","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004859","volume":"95","author":"B Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu, B. et al. Strategies for the prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Med. (Baltim). 95 (37), e4859 (2016).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim)."},{"issue":"3","key":"30343_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael003","volume":"96","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agarwal, A., Dhiraaj, S., Singhal, V., Kapoor, R. & Tandon, M. Comparison of efficacy of Oxybutynin and Tolterodine for prevention of catheter related bladder discomfort: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Br. J. Anaesth. 96 (3), 377\u2013380 (2006).","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"1","key":"30343_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-020-01018-6","volume":"20","author":"SY Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, S. Y., Song, L. P., Ma, Y. S. & Lin, X. M. Predictors of catheter-related bladder discomfort after gynaecological surgery. BMC Anesthesiol. 20 (1), 97 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"30343_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2014.0670","volume":"29","author":"Y Bai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bai, Y. et al. Management of catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients who underwent elective surgery. J. Endourol. 29 (6), 640\u2013649 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Endourol"},{"issue":"6","key":"30343_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-015-2064-2","volume":"29","author":"HC Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, H. C., Lim, S. M., Seo, H. & Park, H. P. Effect of glycopyrrolate versus Atropine coadministered with neostigmine for reversal of Rocuronium on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor: a prospective randomized study. J. Anesth. 29 (6), 831\u2013835 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Anesth."},{"issue":"14","key":"30343_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6494","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006494","volume":"96","author":"L Mu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mu, L. et al. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream reduces catheter-related bladder discomfort in male patients during the general anesthesia recovery period: A prospective, randomized, case-control STROBE study. Med. (Baltim). 96 (14), e6494 (2017).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim)."},{"issue":"1","key":"30343_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2019.60.1.35","volume":"60","author":"AS Zugail","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zugail, A. S., Pinar, U. & Irani, J. Evaluation of pain and catheter-related bladder discomfort relative to balloon volumes of indwelling urinary catheters: A prospective study. Investig Clin. Urol. 60 (1), 35\u201339 (2019).","journal-title":"Investig Clin. Urol."},{"key":"30343_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drake MJ, Clavica F, Murphy C, Fader MJ. Innovating Indwelling Catheter Design to Counteract Urinary Tract Infection. Eur Urol Focus. 10 (5), 713-719 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.09.015"},{"issue":"4","key":"30343_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr4873","volume":"15","author":"Y Mitobe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mitobe, Y. et al. Predictors of catheter-related bladder discomfort after surgery: a literature review. J. Clin. Med. Res. 15 (4), 208\u2013215 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"30343_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-025-05515-6","volume":"43","author":"J Niu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Niu, J. et al. Predictors of bladder spasm during catheter-indwelling in discharged patients after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. World J. Urol. 43 (1), 216 (2025).","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"issue":"5","key":"30343_CR18","first-page":"e84508","volume":"17","author":"T Markopoulos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Markopoulos, T. et al. Bladder spasm discomfort after transurethral surgery: a prospective observational study of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative predictive factors. Cureus 17 (5), e84508 (2025).","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30343-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30343-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30343-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:12:31Z","timestamp":1777129951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30343-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["30343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-30343-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All study protocols were in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration after approval by institutional review board of Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital (IRB number: HALLYM 2023-09-001-002). Ethics approval and consent to participate all procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate declarations"}}],"article-number":"45517"}}