{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:16:48Z","timestamp":1793395008781,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/39\/B\/NZ7\/03197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/39\/B\/NZ7\/03197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study explores the endocrine-disrupting potential of two commonly encountered nanomaterials, nanoplastic and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Many environmental pollutants, especially endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol, heavy metals, interfere with hormone function, posing a serious risk for public health, e.g. prevalence of breast cancer, whose incidence correlates strongly with EDC exposure. However, the impact on hormonal homeostasis of many environmental contaminants, such as nanoplastic, is still unknown. Nanoplastic is a product of the weathering process of plastic goods, while AgNPs are released to the environment from everyday use items, such as health care products, food-related materials or medical devices. These nanoparticles penetrate biological barriers, accumulate in tissues, and may affect oestrogen signalling. Thus, this study investigated how AgNPs and nanopolystyrene (PSNPs) interact with oestrogen receptor (ESR1) signalling in breast cancer cells. The study revealed that in ESR1-positive (ER+) cells, AgNPs notably enhanced ESR1-mediated cell proliferation and progression through the S-phase of the cell cycle, particularly in oestrogen-deprived conditions. The observed effect was ESR1-dependent and effectively blocked by tamoxifen, revealing a ligand-independent activation mechanism. AgNPs downregulated ESR1 signalling-dependent genes, which are linked to cell cycle and proliferation pathways (e.g., IRS1, NCOR1, MED1). PSNPs showed a similar, but milder effect, stimulating ESR1 activation only in the presence of oestrogen (E2). Simultaneous treatment with AgNPs and PSNPs induced a distinct effect, namely, reduced CITED2 and BDNF expression, which was highly dependent on E2 status. The presence of PSNPs also mitigated AgNPs-induced reduction of BRCA1 expression. This study highlights how nanomaterial-induced ESR1 activation can lead to enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell cycle progression, suggesting potential adverse effects of nanomaterials in ER+\u2009cancer proliferation via protein kinase-mediated ESR1 modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30440-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T11:16:10Z","timestamp":1764846970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Silver and polystyrene nanoparticles activate oestrogen signalling via cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Szymon Adam","family":"Lekki-Por\u0119bski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"M\u0119czy\u0144ska-Wielgosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Kruszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Grzelak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"30440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140050","volume-title":"Estrogenic Activity of Biological Samples as a Biomarker","author":"M Gea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gea, M., Toso, A. & Schilir\u00f2, T. Estrogenic Activity of Biological Samples as a Biomarker (Elsevier B.V, 2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140050."},{"key":"30440_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065342","author":"C Ahn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahn, C. & Jeung, E. B. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and disease endpoints. Multidiscip. Digit. Publ. Inst. (MDPI) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24065342 (2023).","journal-title":"Multidiscip. Digit. Publ. Inst. (MDPI)"},{"issue":"3","key":"30440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung, H. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71(3), 209\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660 (2021).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"30440_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1282651","volume-title":"\u201cEndocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis","author":"H Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. \u201cEndocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis (Frontiers Media SA, 2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1282651."},{"key":"30440_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9898-9","volume-title":"NanoBioMedicine","author":"SK Saxena","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saxena, S. K. & Khurana, S. M. P. NanoBioMedicine (Springer, Singapore, 2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-32-9898-9."},{"key":"30440_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116554","volume-title":"Understanding Plastic Degradation and Microplastic Formation in the Environment: A Review","author":"K Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, K. et al. Understanding Plastic Degradation and Microplastic Formation in the Environment: A Review (Elsevier Ltd, 2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116554."},{"key":"30440_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32261","volume-title":"Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Exposure and Toxicological Effects Require Important Analysis Considerations","author":"ED Tsochatzis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsochatzis, E. D. et al. Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Exposure and Toxicological Effects Require Important Analysis Considerations (Elsevier Ltd, 2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32261."},{"key":"30440_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157108","author":"P Krasucka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krasucka, P. et al. Digestion of plastics using in vitro human gastrointestinal tract and their potential to adsorb emerging organic pollutants. Sci. Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157108 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"30440_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199","author":"HA Leslie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leslie, H. A. et al. Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environ. Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107199 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"30440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202400474","volume-title":"Progress and Challenges in Polystyrene Recycling and Upcycling","author":"Z Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, Z. et al. Progress and Challenges in Polystyrene Recycling and Upcycling (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cssc.202400474."},{"key":"30440_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.02.068","volume":"141","author":"NFA Biber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biber, N. F. A., Foggo, A. & Thompson, R. C. Characterising the deterioration of different plastics in air and seawater. Mar Pollut Bull 141, 595\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.02.068 (2019).","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"30440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114636","volume-title":"\u201cSynthesis, Applications, Toxicity and Toxicity Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review","author":"P Nie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nie, P., Zhao, Y. & Xu, H. \u201cSynthesis, Applications, Toxicity and Toxicity Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review (Academic Press, 2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114636."},{"issue":"2","key":"30440_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.05.004","volume":"30","author":"EJ Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park, E. J. et al. Repeated-Dose Toxicity and Inflammatory Responses in Mice by Oral Administration of Silver Nanoparticles. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 30(2), 162\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2010.05.004 (2010).","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"30440_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114869","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Effects of silver nanoparticles on maternal mammary glands and offspring development under lactation exposure. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114869 (2023).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"30440_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.08.028","volume":"214","author":"J Gromadzka-Ostrowska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J. et al. Silver nanoparticles effects on epididymal sperm in rats. Toxicol. Lett. 214(3), 251\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.08.028 (2012).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"30440_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2016.10.013","volume":"313","author":"K Dziendzikowska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dziendzikowska, K. et al. Progressive effects of silver nanoparticles on hormonal regulation of reproduction in male rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 313, 35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2016.10.013 (2016).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"30440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(02)00074-2","volume":"81","author":"CM Chan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chan, C. M., Martin, L. A., Johnston, S. R., Ali, S. & Dowsett, M. Molecular changes associated with the acquisition of oestrogen hypersensitivity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells on long-term oestrogen deprivation. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 81(4\u20135), 333\u2013341 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"30440_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179203","author":"M Rakowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rakowski, M., Por\u0119bski, S. & Grzelak, A. Silver nanoparticles modulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells in vitro. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22179203 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"30440_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.12.029","volume":"404","author":"A Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar, A. et al. Estrogen and androgen regulate actin-remodeling and endocytosis-related genes during rat spermiation. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 404, 91\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2014.12.029 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"30440_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S201107","volume":"14","author":"M Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, M., Guo, H., Liu, L., Liu, Y. & Xie, L. Size-dependent cellular uptake and localization profiles of silver nanoparticles. Int. J. Nanomed. 14, 4247\u20134259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S201107 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"3","key":"30440_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.21.3.794-810.2001","volume":"21","author":"JS Foster","year":"2001","unstructured":"Foster, J. S., Henley, D. C., Bukovsky, A., Seth, P. & Wimalasena, J. Multifaceted regulation of cell cycle progression by estrogen: Regulation of Cdk inhibitors and Cdc25A independent of cyclin D1-Cdk4 function. Mol. Cell Biol. 21(3), 794\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mcb.21.3.794-810.2001 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"30440_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.895729","volume-title":"Prognostic and Predictive Value of CCND1\/Cyclin D1 Amplification in Breast Cancer With a Focus on Postmenopausal Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","author":"SA Jeffreys","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeffreys, S. A. et al. Prognostic and Predictive Value of CCND1\/Cyclin D1 Amplification in Breast Cancer With a Focus on Postmenopausal Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.895729."},{"issue":"1","key":"30440_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.11.041","volume":"584","author":"RL Yamnik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamnik, R. L. & Holz, M. K. mTOR\/S6K1 and MAPK\/RSK signaling pathways coordinately regulate estrogen receptor \u03b1 serine 167 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett. 584(1), 124\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.11.041 (2010).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"30440_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.8.8147","volume-title":"How ERK1\/2 Activation Controls Cell Proliferation and Cell Death is Subcellular Localization the Answer?","author":"Y Mebratu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mebratu, Y. & Tesfaigzi, Y. How ERK1\/2 Activation Controls Cell Proliferation and Cell Death is Subcellular Localization the Answer? (Taylor and Francis Inc, 2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/cc.8.8.8147."},{"key":"30440_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111672","volume":"41","author":"R Qureshi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qureshi, R. et al. Estrone, the major postmenopausal estrogen, binds ERa to induce SNAI2, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and ER+ breast cancer metastasis. Cell Rep. 41, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111672 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"30440_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-1028-4-7","author":"KJ Stanya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stanya, K. J. & Kao, H. Y. New insights into the functions and regulation of the transcriptional corepressors SMRT and N-CoR. Cell Div. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1747-1028-4-7 (2009).","journal-title":"Cell Div."},{"key":"30440_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9020078","author":"X Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, X. et al. Silver nanoparticle-induced phosphorylation of histone h3 at serine 10 involves mapk pathways. Biomolecules https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom9020078 (2019).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"30440_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111696","author":"X Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang, X. et al. Silver nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells through autophagy and apoptosis via PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111696 (2021).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"7","key":"30440_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201300555","volume":"9","author":"AA Dayem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dayem, A. A. et al. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles induce neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells via modulation of reactive oxygen species, phosphatases, and kinase signaling pathways. Biotechnol. J. 9(7), 934\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biot.201300555 (2014).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"30440_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CBI.2022.110096","volume":"365","author":"A Saafane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saafane, A., Durocher, I., Vanharen, M. & Girard, D. Impact of ultra-small silver nanoparticles of 2 nm (AgNP2) on neutrophil biology: AgNP2 alter the actin cytoskeleton and induce karyorrhexis by a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism in vitro and transitorily attract neutrophils in vivo. Chem. Biol. Interact. 365, 110096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CBI.2022.110096 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"4","key":"30440_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3563","volume":"38","author":"Y Qin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qin, Y. et al. Silver nanoparticles increase connexin43-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication in HaCaT cells through activation of reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway. J. Appl. Toxicol. 38(4), 564\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.3563 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"30440_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2010.01.009","volume":"24","author":"J Bertinato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bertinato, J., Cheung, L., Hoque, R. & Plouffe, L. J. Ctr1 transports silver into mammalian cells. J. Trace Elem. Med Biol. 24(3), 178\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2010.01.009 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med Biol."},{"key":"30440_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.878652","author":"JE Chojnowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chojnowski, J. E. et al. Copper Modulates the Catalytic Activity of Protein Kinase CK2. Front. Mol. Biosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2022.878652 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"30440_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29546-9","author":"N Nagpal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nagpal, N. et al. Essential role of MED1 in the transcriptional regulation of ER-dependent oncogenic miRNAs in breast cancer. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-29546-9 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"30440_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21495-8","author":"H Honjoh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Honjoh, H. et al. MED1, a novel binding partner of BRCA1, regulates homologous recombination and R-loop processing. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-21495-8 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"16","key":"30440_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13599","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300060200","volume":"278","author":"Z Lou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lou, Z., Silva Chini, C. C., Minter-Dykhouse, K. & Chen, J. \u201cMediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 regulates BRCA1 localization and phosphorylation in DNA damage checkpoint control. J. Biol. Chem. 278(16), 13599\u201313602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.C300060200 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6926","key":"30440_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01445","volume":"421","author":"M Goldberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goldberg, M. et al. MDC1 is required for the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint. Nature 421(6926), 952\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature01445 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"30440_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2022.188830","volume-title":"ESR1 Activating Mutations: From Structure to Clinical Application","author":"A Grinshpun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grinshpun, A., Chen, V., Sandusky, Z. M., Fanning, S. W. & Jeselsohn, R. ESR1 Activating Mutations: From Structure to Clinical Application (Elsevier B.V, 2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbcan.2022.188830."},{"key":"30440_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2024.176469","volume":"954","author":"J Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang, J. et al. Airborne polystyrene nanoplastics exposure leads to heart failure via ECM-receptor interaction and PI3K\/AKT\/BCL-2 pathways. Sci. Total Environ. 954, 176469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2024.176469 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"30440_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17270","volume-title":"Estrogen Receptors and Extracellular Matrix: The Critical Interplay in Cancer Development and Progression","author":"S Mangani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mangani, S., Piperigkou, Z., Koletsis, N. E., Ioannou, P. & Karamanos, N. K. Estrogen Receptors and Extracellular Matrix: The Critical Interplay in Cancer Development and Progression (John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.17270."},{"key":"30440_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69185-7","author":"H Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, H. & Casabianca, L. B. Probing driving forces for binding between nanoparticles and amino acids by saturation-transfer difference NMR. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-69185-7 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"30440_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1039\/c9en00523d","volume":"7","author":"C Cort\u00e9s","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s, C. et al. Nanoplastics as a potential environmental health factor: Effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Environ. Sci. Nano 7(1), 272\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9en00523d (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"30440_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138360","author":"A Tavakolpournegari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tavakolpournegari, A. et al. Hazard assessment of different-sized polystyrene nanoplastics in hematopoietic human cell lines. Chemosphere https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138360 (2023).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"30440_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.11.006","volume":"208","author":"A Lankoff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lankoff, A. et al. The effect of agglomeration state of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cellular response of Hep G2, A549 and THP-1 cells. Toxicol. Lett. 208(3), 197\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.11.006 (2012).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30440-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30440-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30440-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T14:12:06Z","timestamp":1767881526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30440-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["30440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-30440-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors have no ethical conflicts to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"948"}}