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In this study, we developed a biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) film incorporating in situ synthesized tannic acid (TA)\/zinc sulfide (ZnS) hybrid nanostructures to add antioxidant, antibacterial, and UV-shielding functions. The TA\/ZnS nanohybrids were created using a green in situ co-precipitation method and evenly dispersed in the PBAT matrix to form nanocomposite films. The resulting films showed strong bioactivity, achieving 90.46% DPPH free radical scavenging and inhibition zones over 3.0\u00a0cm against both\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . They also offered about 97% UV blocking and improved moisture barrier properties, with a 40.9% decrease in water vapor permeability and a 13% increase in water contact angle (surface hydrophobicity). However, these improvements came with roughly a 30% reduction in tensile strength, highlighting a trade-off between added functionality and mechanical performance. Importantly, the composite kept enough flexibility and strength for practical applications. In conclusion, the organic\u2013inorganic synergy between tannic acid and ZnS created a bioactive, UV-protective film that can help extend food shelf life while remaining biodegradable. This green, scalable method shows potential for sustainable next-generation active packaging.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30768-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T08:34:38Z","timestamp":1765442078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Biodegradable PBAT films with in situ synthesized tannic acid\/ZnS nanohybrids for active packaging, offering antioxidant, antibacterial, and UV-shielding properties"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Niksefat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Pourjavadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"30768_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lazi\u0107, V. & Nedeljkovi\u0107, J. 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