{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T23:46:29Z","timestamp":1768175189779,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019271","name":"Kyorin Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite guideline recommendations against the long-term use of central antitussives, actual clinical practice remains unclear. We aimed to investigate prescription patterns of central antitussives in patients with cough using Japanese claims data. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated patients aged\u2009\u2265\u200920\u00a0years with subacute and chronic cough from IQVIA Claims database. The primary outcome was the number of days central antitussives were prescribed. Additionally, we examined co-occurrence patterns of comorbidities and adverse events, specifically nausea and constipation, in relation to the duration of central antitussive prescription. Among 10,385 patients with subacute\/chronic cough, 4431 (42.7%) were prescribed central antitussives. A longer duration of central antitussives prescription was significantly associated with a higher frequency of comorbidities. Specifically, the proportion of bronchial asthma\/cough variant asthma, allergic rhinitis\/chronic rhinosinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease increased with the number of prescribed days of central antitussive. Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) for constipation and nausea were 1.80 (1.18\u20132.76) and 2.06 (1.15\u20133.70), respectively, in patients prescribed central antitussives for\u2009&gt;\u200957\u00a0days compared to those prescribed for 0\u201328\u00a0days. Appropriate treatment of comorbidities and prescription of central antitussives are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30832-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T19:44:35Z","timestamp":1765223075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-world survey on utilization of central antitussives and its health impact in patients with subacute and chronic cough in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Junpei","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"30832_CR1","first-page":"e103","volume":"163","author":"RS Irwin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Irwin, R. S., French, C. T., Lewis, S. Z., Diekemper, R. L. & Chang, A. B. Management of cough: CHEST guideline and expert panel report \u2013 2023 update. Chest 163(4), e103\u2013e152 (2023).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"30832_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.4.339","volume":"58","author":"SS Birring","year":"2003","unstructured":"Birring, S. S. et al. Development of a symptom specific health status measure for patients with chronic cough: Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Thorax 58, 339\u2013343 (2003).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"30832_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00218714","volume":"45","author":"WJ Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song, W. J. et al. The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Respir. J. 45, 1479\u20131481 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. 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Chest 130, 362\u2013370 (2006).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"30832_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2008.29.3122","volume":"29","author":"BM Levine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levine, B. M. Systematic evaluation and treatment of chronic cough in a community setting. Allergy Asthma Proc. 29, 336\u2013342 (2008).","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"30832_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2014.40642","volume":"10","author":"M D\u0105browska","year":"2014","unstructured":"D\u0105browska, M. et al. Chronic cough \u2013 assessment of treatment efficacy based on two questionnaires. Arch. Med. Sci. 10, 962\u2013969 (2014).","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"30832_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.04.011","volume":"68","author":"Y Kanemitsu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanemitsu, Y. et al. Clinical impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with subacute\/chronic cough. Allergol. Int. 68, 478\u2013485 (2019).","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"30832_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.5.1142","volume":"129","author":"NH Kwon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kwon, N. H., Oh, M. J., Min, T. H., Lee, B. J. & Choi, D. C. Causes and clinical features of subacute cough. Chest 129, 1142\u20131147 (2006).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"30832_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S8167","volume":"3","author":"A Yamasaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamasaki, A. et al. Cough and asthma diagnosis: Physicians\u2019 diagnosis and treatment of patients complaining of acute, subacute and chronic cough in rural areas of Japan. Int. J. Gen. Med. 3, 101\u2013107 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"30832_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901136","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01136-2019","volume":"55","author":"AH Morice","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morice, A. H. et al. ERS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children. Eur Respir J. 55(1), 1901136 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"7","key":"30832_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022950","volume":"8","author":"AM L\u00e4tti","year":"2018","unstructured":"L\u00e4tti, A. M., Pekkanen, J. & Koskela, H. O. Defining the risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough: a cross-sectional study in a Finnish adult employee population. BMJ Open 8(7), e022950 (2018).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"30832_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2021.01.007","volume":"59","author":"H Mukae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mukae, H. et al. The Japanese respiratory society guidelines for the management of cough and sputum digest edition. Respir Investig. 59, 270\u2013290 (2021).","journal-title":"Respir Investig."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"30832_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.1_suppl.28S","volume":"129","author":"DC McCrory","year":"2006","unstructured":"McCrory, D. C. & Lewis, S. Z. Methodology and grading of the evidence for the diagnosis and management of cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 129(Suppl), 28S-32S (2006).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"30832_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2016.1240803","volume":"55","author":"IM Paul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paul, I. M. et al. Adverse events associated with pediatric exposures to dextromethorphan. Clin. Toxicol. (Phila.) 55, 25\u201332 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol. 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Gender differences in Antitussive prescriptions for chronic cough in Korea. J. Clin. Med. 12, 7010 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"30832_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02180-y","volume":"22","author":"Y Arai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arai, Y. et al. Clinical characteristics and drug utilisation patterns in patients with chronic cough: a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese claims database. BMC Pulm. Med. 22, 429 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"30832_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-220666","volume":"78","author":"I Pavord","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pavord, I. New statement and new hope for patients with refractory chronic cough. Thorax 78, s1\u2013s2 (2023).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"30832_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000832","volume":"8","author":"K Tobe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tobe, K. et al. Web-based survey to evaluate the prevalence of chronic and subacute cough and patient characteristics in Japan. BMJ Open Respir. Res. 8, e000832 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir. Res."},{"key":"30832_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-022-00586-3","volume":"200","author":"WJ Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song, W. J., Yu, C. J. & Kang, S. H. Cough characteristics and healthcare journeys of chronic cough patients in community-based populations in South Korea and Taiwan. Lung 200, 725\u2013736 (2022).","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"30832_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.12.011","volume":"159","author":"M Weiner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weiner, M. et al. 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A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, clinical study to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of gefapixant in Japanese adult participants with refractory or unexplained chronic cough. Allergol. Int. 71, 498\u2013504 (2022).","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"30832_CR34","unstructured":"Pharmacoepidemiology, task force D. Japanese Society for Pharmacoepidemiology. Survey of Japanese databases in Japan available for clinical\/ pharmacoepidemiology https:\/\/www.jspe.jp\/mt-static\/FileUpload\/files\/JSPE_DB_TF_E.pdf"},{"key":"30832_CR35","unstructured":"RECORD Working Committee. The REporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely Collected Health Data (RECORD) Statement, 2015, https:\/\/www.record-statement.org\/ (2015)."},{"key":"30832_CR36","unstructured":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology & Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Ethical guidelines for medical and Health Research involving human subjects https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/001077424.pdf. (in Japanese)"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30832-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30832-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30832-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T21:04:02Z","timestamp":1768165442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-30832-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["30832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-30832-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JS received research funding, advisory fees, and lecture fees, honoraria from Kyorin and principal investigator role with GSK. SM is a full-time employee at Kyorin Pharmaceuticals. Other authors have no competing interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects\u201d\n                      36\n                      . Furthermore, because this study used only anonymized claims data, ethical approval and informed consent were waived by the Fukushima Medical University Ethics Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"1145"}}