{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:16:26Z","timestamp":1772111786822,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pfizer Independent Medical Education Grant","award":["93891819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["93891819"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Headaches are common in youth and can impact school and daily life. Data on headaches and care-seeking in Japanese schoolchildren are scarce. We investigated prevalence, impact, and consultation patterns. A school-based online survey was conducted between February and March 2025 among 3,766 students in seven elementary and three junior high schools in Ami-town, Ibaraki-prefecture, Japan. Two questionnaire versions were distributed: one for lower-grade students (grades 1\u20133) and one for upper-grade students (grades 4\u20139). The survey included items on headache frequency, triggers, associated symptoms, medication use, and consultation experiences. The prevalence of headaches was 29.1% in lower-grade and 37.6% in upper-grade students. The most common age of onset was 10 years. Students with Headaches that meet most of the diagnostic criteria for episodic migraine experienced more headache days and more school absences compared to students with other headache characteristics. Although nearly half of the students had taken medication, fewer than one-third had consulted a physician. Despite experiencing headaches, only a small number of children sought medical care, which may raise concerns about the potential overuse of over-the-counter medications. Therefore, collaboration between educational and medical institutions is essential to improve early recognition and intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30859-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T22:45:19Z","timestamp":1764801919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Headache prevalence and impact among school-aged children in a Japanese town: the AMI-GRAINES study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1650-6885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumire","family":"Ishiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikito","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiichi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"30859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00569-3","volume":"13","author":"E Awaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Awaki, E. et al. Impact of migraine on daily life: results of the observational survey of the Epidemiology, treatment and care of migraine (OVERCOME) Japan study. Neurol. Ther. 13 (1), 165\u2013182 (2024).","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"30859_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01595-0","volume":"24","author":"S Ombashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ombashi, S. et al. Quality of life in children suffering from headaches: a systematic literature review. J. Headache Pain. 24, 127 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"30859_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01541-0","volume":"24","author":"N Pensato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pensato, N., Rosignoli, U., Wells-Gatnik, C., Stanyer, W. & Ornello, E. Primary headache epidemiology in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Headache Pain. 24, 8 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"30859_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2007.01.003","volume":"29","author":"N Ando","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ando, N. et al. Prevalence and features of migraine in Japanese junior high school students aged 12\u201315 year. Brain Dev. 29 (8), 482\u2013485 (2007).","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"issue":"9","key":"30859_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.05.010","volume":"39","author":"M Goto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goto, M. et al. Characteristics of headaches in Japanese elementary and junior high school students: A school-based questionnaire survey. Brain Dev. 39 (9), 791\u2013798 (2017).","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"issue":"10","key":"30859_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-020-00892-6","volume":"24","author":"V Nieswand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nieswand, V., Richter, M. & Gossrau, G. Epidemiology of headache in children and Adolescents\u2014Another type of pandemia. Curr. Pain Headache Rep. 24 (10), 62 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"30859_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.05.019","volume":"146","author":"M Canfora","year":"2023","unstructured":"Canfora, M. et al. More than a headache: lived experience of migraine in youth. Pediatr. Neurol. 146, 79\u201384 (2023).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"30859_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70303-5","volume":"9","author":"AD Hershey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hershey, A. D. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of paediatric migraine. Lancet Neurol. 9, 190\u2013204 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"30859_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12054-3","volume":"21","author":"R Jonassen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jonassen, R. et al. Over-the-counter analgesics use is associated with pain and psychological distress among adolescents: a mixed effects approach in cross-sectional survey data from Norway. BMC Public. Health. 21 (1), 2030 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"30859_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"No authors listed. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (HIS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, Cephalalgia. 38. 1-211. (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102417738202","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"issue":"3","key":"30859_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.31.217","volume":"31","author":"Y Katafuchi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Katafuchi, Y. et al. Recurrent headaches in Japanese children: 128 cases. Kurume Med. J. 31 (3), 217\u2013222 (1984).","journal-title":"Kurume Med. J."},{"key":"30859_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107610","volume":"226","author":"M Katsuki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Katsuki, M. et al. School-based online survey on chronic headache, migraine, and medication-overuse headache prevalence among children and adolescents in Japanese one city \u2013 Itoigawa benizuwaigani study. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 226, 107610 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. 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The detrimental impacts of smart technology device overuse among school students in kuwait: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Pesiatr. 20 (1), 524 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Pesiatr"},{"key":"30859_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2017.11.014","volume":"27","author":"L Hale","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hale, L. et al. Youth screen media habits and sleep: Sleep-Friendly screen behavior recommendations for Clinicians, Educators, and parents. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatr Clin. N Am. 27, 229\u2013245 (2018).","journal-title":"Child. Adolesc. Psychiatr Clin. N Am."},{"key":"30859_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01157-8","volume":"27","author":"RG Rastogi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rastogi, R. G. et al. Advances in the acute and preventive treatment of pediatric migraine. Curr. Pain Headache Rep. 27, 521\u2013529 (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. 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The survey was distributed via a mobile application installed on guardians\u2019 smartphones, as well as by providing a QR code on printed materials. It was expected that the survey would be accessed and completed via the parent\u2019s or legal guardian\u2019s device. Participation was voluntary, and completion of the questionnaire was considered to indicate informed consent by the parent or legal guardian.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"1144"}}