{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:40:15Z","timestamp":1789501215852,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31012-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T03:16:31Z","timestamp":1765250191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of HLA class I allele and tuberculosis susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishan K.","family":"Patro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparup","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"31012_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2023, 248 (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2023). Report No. 9789240083851."},{"key":"31012_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024\/tb-disease-burden\/1-1-tb-incidence."},{"issue":"2","key":"31012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012956","volume":"21","author":"MI Sweeney","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sweeney, M. I., Carranza, C. E. & Tobin, D. M. Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis through its genomic diversity and evolution. PLoS Pathog. 21(2), e1012956 (2025).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"2","key":"31012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020340","volume":"20","author":"W Zhai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhai, W., Wu, F., Zhang, Y., Fu, Y. & Liu, Z. The immune escape mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20(2), 340 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"31012_CR5","unstructured":"Price, C. & Nguyen, A. D. Latent tuberculosis. In StatPearls [Internet] (StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, 2024) [updated 2025 Jan]. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38261712\/."},{"key":"31012_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260859","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1260859","volume":"14","author":"P Sankar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sankar, P. & Mishra, B. B. Early innate cell interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in protection and pathology of tuberculosis. Front. Immunol. 14, 1260859 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"31012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00213","volume":"5","author":"M Harishankar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harishankar, M., Selvaraj, P. & Bethunaickan, R. Influence of genetic polymorphism towards pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility. Front. Med. 5, 213 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"31012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2713-x","volume":"35","author":"A Oliveira-Cortez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oliveira-Cortez, A., Melo, A. C., Chaves, V. E., Condino-Neto, A. & Camargos, P. Do HLA class II genes protect against pulmonary tuberculosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 35(10), 1567\u20131580 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"31012_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","volume":"62","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati, A. et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 62(10), e1-34 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"31012_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S66677","volume":"6","author":"AV Margulis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Margulis, A. V. et al. Quality assessment of observational studies in a drug-safety systematic review, comparison of two tools: The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the RTI item bank. Clin. Epidemiol. 6, 359\u2013368 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"31012_CR11","first-page":"102574","volume":"71","author":"G Rezaeizadeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rezaeizadeh, G. et al. Maternal education and its influence on child growth and nutritional status during the first two years of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. E Clin. Med. 71, 102574 (2024).","journal-title":"E Clin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"31012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193","volume":"11","author":"TB Huedo-Medina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huedo-Medina, T. B., S\u00e1nchez-Meca, J. & Mar\u00edn-Mart\u00ednez, F. Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I2 index?. Psychol. Methods 11(2), 193\u2013206 (2006).","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"31012_CR13","unstructured":"RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R [Internet] (Posit Software, PBC, Boston, 2023) [cited 2025 Jun 19]. Available from: https:\/\/posit.co."},{"key":"31012_CR14","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P. T. Green S Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 (2011) http:\/\/www.cochranehandbook.org. Accessed May 2025."},{"key":"31012_CR15","first-page":"15","volume":"14","author":"C R\u00f6ver","year":"2015","unstructured":"R\u00f6ver, C., Knapp, G. & Friede, T. Hartung\u2013Knapp\u2013Sidik\u2013Jonkman approach and its modification for random-effects meta-analysis with few studies. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 14, 15\u201399 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"31012_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger, M., Davey, S. G. & Schneider, M. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple graphical test. BMJ. 315, 629\u2013634 (1997).","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"31012_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","volume":"50","author":"CB Begg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Begg, C. B. & Mazumdar, M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics 50, 1088\u20131101 (1994).","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"31012_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02559","volume":"5","author":"EN Ndzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ndzi, E. N. et al. Tuberculosis diagnosis: Algorithm that May discriminate latent from active tuberculosis. Heliyon. 5(10), e02559 (2019).","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"issue":"7","key":"31012_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2010.04.005","volume":"71","author":"R Yuliwulandari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yuliwulandari, R. et al. Association of HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 with pulmonary tuberculosis in western Javanese Indonesia. Hum. Immunol. 71(7), 697\u2013701 (2010).","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"31012_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.02.002","volume":"6","author":"LV Vijaya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vijaya, L. V. et al. Role of HLA-B51 and HLA-B52 in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. Infect. Genet. Evol. 6(6), 436\u2013439 (2006).","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"6","key":"31012_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.03.008","volume":"73","author":"EE Magira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magira, E. E. et al. HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 amino acid polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility and protection to pulmonary tuberculosis in a Greek population. Hum. Immunol. 73(6), 641\u2013646 (2012).","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"31012_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4065\/78.4.436","volume":"78","author":"A Dubaniewicz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dubaniewicz, A., Szczerkowska, Z. & Hoppe, A. Comparative analysis of HLA class I antigens in pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis in the same ethnic group. Mayo Clin. Proc. 78(4), 436\u2013442 (2003).","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"6","key":"31012_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.09.003","volume":"95","author":"M Salie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salie, M., Daya, M., M\u00f6ller, M. & Hoal, E. G. Activating KIRs alter susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in a South African population. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 95(6), 817\u2013821 (2015).","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)."},{"key":"31012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.08.019","volume":"22","author":"G Mishra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mishra, G. et al. Distribution of HLA-A, B and DRB1 alleles in Sahariya tribe of North Central India: An association with pulmonary tuberculosis. Infect. Genet. Evol. 22, 175\u2013182 (2014).","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"31012_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.76520","volume":"29","author":"A Akgunes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akgunes, A., Coban, A. Y. & Durupinar, B. Human leucocyte antigens and cytokine gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis. Indian J. Med. Microbiol. 29(1), 28\u201332 (2011).","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"31012_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(02)00703-6","volume":"64","author":"NH Mahmoudzadeh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mahmoudzadeh, N. H., Khalili, G. & Fadavi, P. Allelic distribution of human leukocyte antigen in Iranian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Hum. Immunol. 64(1), 124\u2013129 (2003).","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"31012_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2007.01.004","volume":"68","author":"ME Soto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Soto, M. E. et al. Comparison distribution of HLA-B alleles in Mexican patients with Takayasu arteritis and tuberculosis. Hum. Immunol. 68(5), 449\u2013453 (2007).","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"31012_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(91)90039-U","volume":"72","author":"V Brahmajothi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brahmajothi, V. et al. Association of pulmonary tuberculosis and HLA in south India. Tubercle 72(2), 123\u2013132 (1991).","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"issue":"5","key":"31012_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1086\/381689","volume":"189","author":"A Balamurugan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Balamurugan, A., Sharma, S. K. & Mehra, N. K. Human leukocyte antigen class I supertypes influence susceptibility and severity of tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 189(5), 805\u2013811 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"31012_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1833-3","volume":"16","author":"HK Buteme","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buteme, H. K. et al. Human leukocyte antigen class 1 genotype distribution and analysis in persons with active tuberculosis and household contacts from Central Uganda. BMC Infect. Dis. 16(1), 504 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"31012_CR31","first-page":"9710376","volume":"26","author":"S Medhasi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Medhasi, S. & Chantratita, N. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system: Genetics and association with bacterial and viral infections. J. Immunol. Res. 26, 9710376 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"31012_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109378","volume":"36","author":"C Kaseke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaseke, C. et al. HLA class-I-peptide stability mediates CD8+ T cell immunodominance hierarchies and facilitates HLA-associated immune control of HIV. Cell Rep. 36(2), 109378 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"22","key":"31012_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12083","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.22.12083-12087.2003","volume":"77","author":"CL Thio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thio, C. L. et al. Comprehensive analysis of class I and class II HLA antigens and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J. Virol. 77(22), 12083\u201312087 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"11","key":"31012_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14111077","volume":"14","author":"C Kloypan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kloypan, C. et al. A comprehensive review of HLA and severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions: Implication for clinical pharmacogenomics and precision medicine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 14(11), 1077 (2021).","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"31012_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84394","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84394","volume":"13","author":"H Schurz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schurz, H. et al. Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of host genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis identifies shared genetic architecture. Elife. 13, e84394 (2024).","journal-title":"Elife."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31012-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31012-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31012-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:25:01Z","timestamp":1768472701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31012-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["31012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-31012-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1578"}}