{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:01:29Z","timestamp":1787241689751,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31575-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T15:25:28Z","timestamp":1765207528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Awareness of HPV, HPV vaccine and HPV-associated cancers among Arab Americans"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nada","family":"Al-Antary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem F.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrudula","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamis","family":"Fakhoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milkie","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzan","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Adjei Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"31575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2023.02.008","volume":"37","author":"RE Plotzker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Plotzker, R. E., Vaidya, A., Pokharel, U. & Stier, E. A. Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus: update in Epidemiology, Prevention, and management. Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 37, 289\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2023.02.008 (2023).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"31575_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn044","volume":"100","author":"AC Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, A. C. et al. Rapid clearance of human papillomavirus and implications for clinical focus on persistent infections. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 100, 513\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djn044 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"31575_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","volume":"141","author":"C de Martel","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Martel, C., Plummer, M., Vignat, J. & Franceschi, S. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int. J. Cancer. 141, 664\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.30716 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"31575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2019.101649","volume":"64","author":"M Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms after an index potentially-human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers. Cancer Epidemiol. 64, 101649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2019.101649 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"31575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32101","volume":"145","author":"E Adjei Boakye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adjei Boakye, E. et al. Trends in the risk and burden of second primary malignancy among survivors of smoking-related cancers in the united States. Int. J. Cancer. 145, 143\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.32101 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"31575_CR6","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Cancers Associated with Human Papillomavirus. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/united-states-cancer-statistics\/publications\/hpv-associated-cancers.html#:~:text=We%20estimated%20that%2037%2C800%20cancers,45%2C%2052%2C%20and%2058 (2024)."},{"key":"31575_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(17)30468-1","volume":"17","author":"K Kavanagh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kavanagh, K. et al. Changes in the prevalence of human papillomavirus following a National bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination programme in scotland: a 7-year cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 17, 1293\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(17)30468-1 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"31575_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6832a3","volume":"68","author":"E Meites","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meites, E. et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults: updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 68, 698\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6832a3 (2019).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"31575_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7234a3","volume":"72","author":"C Pingali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pingali, C. et al. Vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13\u201317 Years - National immunization Survey-Teen, united States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 72, 912\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7234a3 (2023).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"31575_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-021-02123-x","volume":"38","author":"AM Galvin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galvin, A. M., Garg, A., Griner, S. B., Moore, J. D. & Thompson, E. L. Health literacy correlates to HPV vaccination among US adults ages 27\u201345. J. Cancer Education: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Educ. 38, 349\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13187-021-02123-x (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Education: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Educ."},{"key":"31575_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-022-02169-5","volume":"38","author":"R Panagides","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panagides, R., Voges, N., Oliver, J., Bridwell, D. & Mitchell, E. Determining the impact of a Community-Based intervention on knowledge gained and attitudes towards the HPV vaccine in Virginia. J. Cancer Education: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Educ. 38, 646\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13187-022-02169-5 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Education: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Educ."},{"key":"31575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walling, E. B. et al. Interventions to improve HPV vaccine uptake: A systematic review. Pediatrics 138 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3863 (2016).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3863"},{"key":"31575_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.10.005","volume":"8","author":"B Nickel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nickel, B. et al. Factors associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination across three countries following vaccination introduction. Prev. Med. Rep. 8, 169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.10.005 (2017).","journal-title":"Prev. Med. Rep."},{"key":"31575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/olq.0000000000000358","volume":"42","author":"T Cummings","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cummings, T. et al. Catching up or missing out? Human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability among 18- to 26-Year-old men who have sex with men in a US National sample. Sex. Transm Dis. 42, 601\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/olq.0000000000000358 (2015).","journal-title":"Sex. Transm Dis."},{"key":"31575_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-013-0582-z","volume":"30","author":"JY Lai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lai, J. Y., Tinker, A. V. & Cheung, W. Y. Factors influencing the willingness of US women to vaccinate their daughters against the human papillomavirus to prevent cervical cancer. Med. Oncol. 30, 582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12032-013-0582-z (2013).","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"31575_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2019.305285","volume":"109","author":"S Abboud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abboud, S., Chebli, P. & Rabelais, E. The contested whiteness of Arab identity in the united states: implications for health disparities research. Am. J. Public Health. 109, 1580\u20131583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2019.305285 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"31575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2018","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and National incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet (London England). 392, 1789\u20131858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"31575_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12573-7","volume":"22","author":"B Anuforo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anuforo, B. et al. Disparities in HPV vaccine knowledge and adolescent HPV vaccine uptake by parental nativity among diverse multiethnic parents in new Jersey. BMC public. Health. 22, 195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12573-7 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC public. Health"},{"key":"31575_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.5993\/ajhb.45.5.2","volume":"45","author":"SE Harrison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrison, S. E. et al. Examining associations between knowledge and vaccine uptake using the human papillomavirus knowledge questionnaire (HPV-KQ). Am. J. Health Behav. 45, 810\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5993\/ajhb.45.5.2 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"key":"31575_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109892","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2022.2109892","volume":"18","author":"EY Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du, E. Y. et al. Medical students\u2019 knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccine, and HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Hum. Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 18, 2109892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2022.2109892 (2022).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"31575_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-022-02172-w","volume":"38","author":"MC Franca","year":"2023","unstructured":"Franca, M. C. et al. College students\u2019 awareness of the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-Associated cancers. J. Cancer Education: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Educ. 38, 669\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13187-022-02172-w (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Education: Official J. Am. Association Cancer Educ."},{"key":"31575_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.03.014","volume":"99","author":"N Osazuwa-Peters","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osazuwa-Peters, N. et al. Not just a woman\u2019s business! Understanding men and women\u2019s knowledge of HPV, the HPV vaccine, and HPV-associated cancers. Prev. Med. 99, 299\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.03.014 (2017).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"31575_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1363133","volume":"13","author":"E Adjei Boakye","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adjei Boakye, E. et al. Approaching a decade since HPV vaccine licensure: Racial and gender disparities in knowledge and awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine. Hum. Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 13, 2713\u20132722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2017.1363133 (2017).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"31575_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2343325","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.43325","volume":"6","author":"E S Stephens","year":"2023","unstructured":"S Stephens, E. et al. Human papillomavirus awareness by educational level and by race and ethnicity. JAMA Netw. Open. 6, e2343325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.43325 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"31575_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pkz064","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz064","volume":"3","author":"J Fokom Domgue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fokom Domgue, J., Chido-Amajuoyi, O. G., Yu, R. K. & Shete, S. Beliefs about HPV vaccine\u2019s success at cervical cancer prevention among adult US women. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 3, pkz064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jncics\/pkz064 (2019).","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr."},{"key":"31575_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-025-01701-1","volume":"27","author":"RF Siddiqui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siddiqui, R. F. et al. Knowledge of head and neck cancer risk factors and symptoms: A Cross-Sectional survey among Arab Americans. J. Immigr. Minor. Health. 27, 529\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10903-025-01701-1 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Immigr. Minor. Health"},{"key":"31575_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-013-9943-0","volume":"17","author":"FJ Dallo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dallo, F. J., Booza, J. & Nguyen, N. D. Functional limitations and nativity status among older Arab, Asian, black, Hispanic, and white Americans. J. Immigr. Minor. Health. 17, 535\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10903-013-9943-0 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Immigr. Minor. Health"},{"key":"31575_CR28","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Health Information National Trends Survey. https:\/\/hints.cancer.gov\/data\/default.aspx."},{"key":"31575_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35830","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35830","volume":"131","author":"N Al-Antary","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Antary, N. et al. Human papillomavirus-related cancers and human papillomavirus vaccination among Arab americans: A call to unveil disparities and Bridge the research gaps. Cancer 131, e35830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.35830 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"31575_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-022-01103-6","volume":"47","author":"C Ayash","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayash, C. et al. Arab American mothers\u2019 HPV vaccination knowledge and beliefs. J. Community Health. 47, 716\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-022-01103-6 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"31575_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839918764671","volume":"20","author":"KF Furgurson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furgurson, K. F. et al. HPV knowledge and vaccine initiation among Mexican-Born farmworkers in North Carolina. Health Promot. Pract. 20, 445\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524839918764671 (2019).","journal-title":"Health Promot. Pract."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"31575_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2010.522695","volume":"15","author":"E Kobetz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kobetz, E. et al. Knowledge of HPV among united States Hispanic women: opportunities and challenges for cancer prevention. J. Health Communication. 15 (Suppl 3), 22\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10810730.2010.522695 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Health Communication"},{"key":"31575_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.06.025","volume":"67","author":"E Adjei Boakye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adjei Boakye, E. et al. Trends in awareness of the causal link between HPV and cervical cancer in the US: 2013 to 2022. Am. J. Prev. Med. 67, 773\u2013775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.06.025 (2024).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"31575_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/15398285.2018.1509258","volume":"22","author":"N Osazuwa-Peters","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osazuwa-Peters, N. et al. Sociodemographic predictors of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness among Americans who use the internet as their primary source of health information. J. Consum. Health Internet. 22, 199\u2013216 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Consum. Health Internet"},{"key":"31575_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.04.028","volume":"35","author":"PJ Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu, P. J. et al. Awareness among adults of vaccine-preventable diseases and recommended vaccinations, united States, 2015. Vaccine 35, 3104\u20133115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.04.028 (2017).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"31575_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.06.005","volume":"59","author":"KA Mohammed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohammed, K. A. et al. Disparities in provider recommendation of human papillomavirus vaccination for U.S. Adolescents. J. Adolesc. Health: Official Publication Soc. Adolesc. Med. 59, 592\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.06.005 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health: Official Publication Soc. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"31575_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.2383","volume":"178","author":"M Nair","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nair, M. et al. Disparities in HPV vaccination among adolescents by health care facility type. JAMA Pediatr. 178, 932\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.2383 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"31575_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1129090","volume":"12","author":"MB Gilkey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilkey, M. B. & McRee, A. L. Provider communication about HPV vaccination: A systematic review. Hum. Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 12, 1454\u20131468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2015.1129090 (2016).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"31575_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.126560","volume":"44","author":"P Nyika","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nyika, P. et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among adolescent boys and girls in the united states: A birth year cohort analysis of the National immunization Survey-Teen, 2016\u20132022. Vaccine 44, 126560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.126560 (2025).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"31575_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.09.015","volume":"74","author":"N Osazuwa-Peters","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osazuwa-Peters, N. et al. 40-year incidence trends for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the united States. Oral Oncol. 74, 90\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.09.015 (2017).","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"31575_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz219","volume":"112","author":"AA Deshmukh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deshmukh, A. A. et al. Recent trends in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus incidence and mortality in the united States, 2001\u20132015. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 112, 829\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djz219 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"31575_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4294","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.36.4596","volume":"29","author":"AK Chaturvedi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaturvedi, A. K. et al. Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the united States. J. Clin. Oncology: Official J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 29, 4294\u20134301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2011.36.4596 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncology: Official J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"31575_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e222530","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.2530","volume":"5","author":"CI Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao, C. I. et al. Trends in human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers, demographic Characteristics, and vaccinations in the US, 2001\u20132017. JAMA Netw. Open. 5, e222530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.2530 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"31575_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1467203","volume":"14","author":"E Adjei Boakye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adjei Boakye, E. et al. Correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation and completion among 18\u201326 year olds in the united States. Hum. Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 14, 2016\u20132024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2018.1467203 (2018).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"31575_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jomh.2011.04.002","volume":"8","author":"ML Katz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katz, M. L., Krieger, J. L. & Roberto, A. J. Human papillomavirus (HPV): college male\u2019s knowledge, perceived risk, sources of information, vaccine barriers and communication. J. Mens Health. 8, 175\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jomh.2011.04.002 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Mens Health"},{"key":"31575_CR46","unstructured":"Arab American Institute. National Arab American Demographics., https:\/\/www.aaiusa.org\/demographics."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31575-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:40:22Z","timestamp":1768398022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31575-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["31575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-31575-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. F. Siddiqui received honorarium, travel reimbursement from Varian Medical System, Inc, American College of Radiology, Castle Biosciences, and is a member on Varian Noona Medical Advisory Board. All other coauthors had no conflict to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1897"}}