{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:14:35Z","timestamp":1784769275246,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31969-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T05:37:26Z","timestamp":1765949846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of new dog ownership with physical activity and social contact: the retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maasa","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"31969_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16118-6","volume":"7","author":"M Mubanga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mubanga, M. et al. Dog ownership and the risk of cardiovascular disease and death - a nationwide cohort study. Sci. Rep. 7, 15821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-16118-6 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"31969_CR2","first-page":"307","volume":"95","author":"E Friedmann","year":"1980","unstructured":"Friedmann, E., Katcher, A. H., Lynch, J. J. & Thomas, S. A. Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public. Health Rep. (Washington D C : 1974). 95, 307\u2013312 (1980).","journal-title":"Public. Health Rep. (Washington D C : 1974)"},{"key":"31969_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0305546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305546","volume":"19","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taniguchi, Y., Ikeuchi, T. & Yong, J. Dog, cat, bird, fish, and other pet ownership and mortality: evidence from the HILDA cohort. PloS One. 19, e0305546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305546 (2024).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"31969_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54955-9","volume":"9","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taniguchi, Y. et al. Association of dog and cat ownership with incident frailty among Community-Dwelling elderly Japanese. Sci. Rep. 9, 18604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-54955-9 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"31969_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics5040089","volume":"5","author":"G Kojima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kojima, G., Aoyama, R. & Taniguchi, Y. Associations between pet ownership and frailty: a systematic review. Geriatr. (Basel). 5, 89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geriatrics5040089 (2020).","journal-title":"Geriatr. (Basel)"},{"key":"31969_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0263791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263791","volume":"17","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taniguchi, Y. et al. Evidence that dog ownership protects against the onset of disability in an older community-dwelling Japanese population. PloS One. 17, e0263791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0263791 (2022).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"31969_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.10.5.750","volume":"10","author":"HE Christian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christian, H. E. et al. Dog ownership and physical activity: a review of the evidence. J. Phys. Act. Health. 10, 750\u2013759 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"31969_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31829201e1","volume":"127","author":"GN Levine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Levine, G. N. et al. Pet ownership and cardiovascular risk. Circulation 127, 2353\u20132363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31829201e1 (2013).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"31969_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14738","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41813-y","volume":"13","author":"E Friedmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Friedmann, E. et al. Pet ownership and maintenance of cognitive function in community-residing older adults: evidence from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging (BLSA). Sci. Rep. 13, 14738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-41813-y (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"31969_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102465","volume":"36","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taniguchi, Y. et al. Protective effects of dog ownership against the onset of disabling dementia in older community-dwelling japanese: a longitudinal study. Prev. Med. Rep. 36, 102465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102465 (2023).\u00a0","journal-title":"Prev. Med. Rep."},{"key":"31969_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2006.103499","volume":"98","author":"H Cutt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cutt, H., Giles-Corti, B., Knuiman, M., Timperio, A. & Bull, F. Understanding dog owners\u2019 increased levels of physical activity: results from RESIDE. Am. J. Public Health. 98, 66\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2006.103499 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"31969_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.05.007","volume":"47","author":"KJ Coleman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coleman, K. J. et al. Physical activity, weight status, and neighborhood characteristics of dog walkers. Prev. Med. 47, 309\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.05.007 (2008).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"31969_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0206399","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206399","volume":"13","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taniguchi, Y. et al. Physical, social, and psychological characteristics of community-dwelling elderly Japanese dog and Cat owners. PloS One. 13, e0206399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0206399 (2018).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"31969_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689108401208","volume":"84","author":"J Serpell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Serpell, J. Beneficial effects of pet ownership on some aspects of human health and behaviour. J. R. Soc. Med. 84, 717\u2013720 (1991).","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"31969_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-5-17","volume":"5","author":"HE Cutt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cutt, H. E., Knuiman, M. W. & Giles-Corti, B. Does getting a dog increase recreational walking? Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activity. 5, 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1479-5868-5-17 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activity"},{"key":"31969_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2752\/089279304785643203","volume":"17","author":"DL Wells","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wells, D. L. The facilitation of social interactions by domestic dogs. Anthrozo\u00f6s 17, 340\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2752\/089279304785643203 (2004).","journal-title":"Anthrozo\u00f6s"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"31969_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1348\/000712600161673","volume":"91","author":"J McNicholas","year":"2000","unstructured":"McNicholas, J. & Collis, G. M. Dogs as catalysts for social interactions: robustness of the effect. Br. J. Psychol. 91 (Pt 1), 61\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/000712600161673 (2000).","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"31969_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2349241","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.49241","volume":"6","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Pet ownership, living alone, and cognitive decline among adults 50 years and older. JAMA Netw. Open. 6, e2349241\u2013e2349241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.49241 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"31969_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953889","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.953889","volume":"14","author":"IM McDonough","year":"2022","unstructured":"McDonough, I. M., Erwin, H. B., Sin, N. L. & Allen, R. S. Pet ownership is associated with greater cognitive and brain health in a cross-sectional sample across the adult lifespan. Front. Aging Neurosci. 14, 953889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.953889 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"31969_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005554","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.119.005554","volume":"12","author":"CK Kramer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kramer, C. K., Mehmood, S. & Suen, R. S. Dog ownership and survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes. 12, e005554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circoutcomes.119.005554 (2019).","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"31969_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.09.012","volume":"54","author":"D Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding, D. et al. Dog ownership and mortality in England: a pooled analysis of six Population-based cohorts. Am. J. Prev. Med. 54, 289\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.09.012 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"31969_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41254-6","volume":"9","author":"C Westgarth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Westgarth, C. et al. Dog owners are more likely to Meet physical activity guidelines than people without a dog: an investigation of the association between dog ownership and physical activity levels in a UK community. Sci. Rep. 9, 5704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-41254-6 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"31969_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.8.3.436","volume":"8","author":"MJ Reeves","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reeves, M. J., Rafferty, A. P., Miller, C. E. & Lyon-Callo, S. K. The impact of dog walking on leisure-time physical activity: results from a population-based survey of Michigan adults. J. Phys. Act. Health. 8, 436\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.8.3.436 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"31969_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.4.412","volume":"6","author":"K Oka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oka, K. & Shibata, A. Dog ownership and health-related physical activity among Japanese adults. J. Phys. Act. Health. 6, 412\u2013418 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"31969_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gee, N. R. & Mueller, M. K. A systematic review of research on pet ownership and animal interactions among older adults. Anthrozo\u00f6s  32 , 183\u2013207.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08927936.2019.1569903 (2019).","DOI":"10.1080\/08927936.2019.1569903"},{"key":"31969_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26007","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77231-x","volume":"14","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taniguchi, Y., Ikeuchi, T., Grabka, M. M. & Yong, J. Investigation of dog ownership and physical activity on weekdays and weekends using longitudinal data from the SOEP cohort. Sci. Rep. 14, 26007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-77231-x (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"31969_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"49","author":"N Murase","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murase, N., Katsumura, T., Ueda, C., Inoue, S. & Shimomitsu, T. Validity and reliability of Japanese version of international physical activity questionnaire. J. Health Welf. Stat. 49, 1\u20139 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Health Welf. Stat."},{"key":"31969_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb03848.x","volume":"47","author":"MT Hoyl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hoyl, M. T. et al. Development and testing of a five-item version of the geriatric depression scale. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 47, 873\u2013878 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"31969_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01619.x","volume":"61","author":"S Awata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Awata, S. et al. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the world health Organization-Five Well-Being index in the context of detecting depression in diabetic patients. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 61, 112\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01619.x (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31969-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31969-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31969-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:39:16Z","timestamp":1768480756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-31969-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["31969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-31969-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2096"}}