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Among the extracts, the ethanolic extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity, with 84.36% scavenging potential in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 69% in the Ferric ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Similarly, in antimicrobial activity, the ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition zone of 24.0\u00a0mm against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 29.3\u00a0mm against\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Response Surface Methodology (RSM) utilize a Box-Behnken design (BBD) analysed with optimize conditions for enhancing antioxidant activity. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identified eleven major phytocompounds, which were further evaluated through molecular docking and ADMET studies against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus\u2019s<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA gyrase B and\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli\u2019s<\/jats:italic>\n                    Dihydrofolate reductase. Docking result shows highest binding affinity towards two compounds such as 2(5\u00a0H)-Furanone,3-chloro-5-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4,5-dimethyl- and N-(2,2-Dichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide with docking scores of -5.21 and \u2212\u20098.38\u00a0kcal\/mol for\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and \u2212\u20094.39 and \u2212\u20098.75\u00a0kcal\/mol for\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These two hits were selected for molecular dynamic simulation studies to evaluate protein-ligand complex stability. Overall, the ethanolic extract exhibited strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, suggesting as potential candidate for application in food packaging.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32216-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T04:26:12Z","timestamp":1766118372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["\u201cTherapeutic potential of Acalypha indica L. leaf fractions against foodborne pathogens: an in vitro and in silico study\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Uma","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiniraja","family":"Muniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"32216_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert, V. et al. 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