{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T16:33:27Z","timestamp":1777134807249,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022025","name":"South Valley University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Grapevine trunk diseases constitute a significant phytopathological concern in Egyptian viticulture, with ongoing debates regarding their origin and transmission dynamics. These complexities are attributed to the heterogeneous manifestation of symptoms and the involvement of multiple wood-associated pathogens, both suspected and confirmed. This study investigates the mycological aspects of grapevine trunk diseases, focusing on\n                    <jats:italic>Lasiodiplodia theobromae<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a causal agent. The pathogen was associated with vascular cankers, dark brown trunk discoloration, pycnidia formation on necrotic tissues, and grapevine dieback. Identification of\n                    <jats:italic>L. theobromae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was achieved through morphological characteristics and molecular analysis targeting the \u03b2-tubulin gene and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating detached canes, leaves, petioles, and entire branches with mycelial plugs of\n                    <jats:italic>L. theobromae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The resulting symptoms closely resembled those observed in naturally infected grapevines in the field. The pathogen was then re-isolated and identified, confirming Koch\u2019s postulates. A disease index (DI) ranging from 60 to 100% provided strong evidence of the high pathogenic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>L. theobromae<\/jats:italic>\n                    under experimental conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32284-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T08:23:28Z","timestamp":1766996608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First molecular confirmation of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing grapevine trunk disease in southern Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Youssuf A.","family":"Gherbawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabila A.","family":"Hassany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1756-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman G. A. M.","family":"El\u2010Dawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"32284_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-121323-022259","volume":"63","author":"F Fontaine","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fontaine, F., Trouillas, F. P., Armengol, J. & Eskalen, A. Fungal trunk diseases: A global threat to grapevines. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 63, 577\u2013602 (2025).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"issue":"9","key":"32284_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0222586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222586","volume":"14","author":"L Ouadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouadi, L. et al. Ecophysiological impacts of Esca, a devastating grapevine trunk disease, on Vitis vinifera L. PLoS ONE 14(9), e0222586 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"32284_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-01-11-0025","volume":"95","author":"D Gramaje","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gramaje, D. & Armengol, J. Fungal trunk pathogens in the grapevine propagation process potential inoculum sources, detection, identification, and management strategies. Plant Dis. 95, 1 (2011).","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"32284_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.36253\/phyto-12576","volume":"60","author":"EA Rangel-Montoya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rangel-Montoya, E. A., Paolinelli, M., Rolshausen, P. E., Valenzuela-Solano, C. & Hernandez-Martinez, R. Characterization of Lasiodiplodia species associated with grapevines in Mexico. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 60(2), 237\u2013252 (2021).","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"32284_CR5","first-page":"210","volume":"11","author":"MA El-Goorani","year":"1972","unstructured":"El-Goorani, M. A. & El Meleigi, M. A. Dieback of grapevine by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. in Egypt. Phytophatol. Mediterr. 11, 210\u2013211 (1972).","journal-title":"Phytophatol. Mediterr."},{"issue":"6","key":"32284_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s13313-012-0163-1","volume":"41","author":"AM Ismail","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ismail, A. M. et al. Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback disease of mango (Mangifera indica) in Egypt. Australas. Plant Pathol. 41(6), 649\u2013660 (2012).","journal-title":"Australas. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"32284_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-014-0557-8","volume":"141","author":"E Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00e1lvez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00e1lvez, E., Maldonado, E. & Alves, A. Identification and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing dieback of table grapes in Peru. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 141, 477\u2013489 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"32284_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6115","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.22.6115","volume":"20","author":"EM Moller","year":"1992","unstructured":"Moller, E. M., Bahnweg, G., Sandermann, H. & Geiger, H. H. A simple and efficient protocol for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from filamentous fungi, fruit bodies, and infected plant tissues. Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 6115\u20136116 (1992).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"32284_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995","volume":"61","author":"NL Glass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Glass, N. L. & Donaldson, G. C. Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Appl. Environ. 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The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the expression of slow-mildewing resistance in Knox wheat. Phytopathology 67(8), 1051\u20131056 (1977).","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"32284_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-92-4-0519","volume":"92","author":"JR \u00darbez-Torres","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u00darbez-Torres, J. R., Leavitt, G. M., Guerrero, J. C., Guevara, J. & Gubler, W. D. Identification and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia seriata, the causal agents of bot canker disease of grapevines in Mexico. Plant Dis. 92, 519\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS-92-4-0519 (2008).","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"32284_CR14","first-page":"57","volume":"54","author":"GM El-Habbaa","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Habbaa, G. M. Virulence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae the causal of grapevine dieback disease in Egypt. Ann. Agric. Sci. 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Plant Dis. 102(7), 1189\u20131217 (2018).","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"32284_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9090950","volume":"9","author":"YZ Ko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ko, Y. Z. et al. Unveiling cryptic species diversity and genetic variation of Lasiodiplodia (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) infecting fruit crops in Taiwan. J. Fungi (Basel). 9(9), 950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof9090950 (2023).","journal-title":"J. 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