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While the\n                    <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene is a known shared risk factor, comprehensive genetic studies for LOE remain limited. This study employed a multi-task learning framework using Elastic Net modeling to systematically identify shared genetic risk factors between AD and LOE. We analyzed electronic health records from UCLA Health System (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009416,212; genetic subset\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916,500) and validated findings in the All of Us dataset (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200952,493). Longitudinal analyses confirmed strong bidirectional associations between AD and LOE. The multi-task learning approach identified eight shared-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to key genes including the\n                    <jats:italic>APOE-TOMM40-APOC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    cluster,\n                    <jats:italic>BIN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CLU<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PVRL2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>TRAPPC6A<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These shared-risk genes were enriched in pathways related to lipid metabolism, amyloid catabolic processes, and tau protein binding. A shared genetic risk score effectively stratified patients into distinct AD-LOE risk groups. This study represents an initial systematic identification of potential shared genetic factors between AD and LOE using multi-task learning. While our findings suggest possible shared genetic contributions, particularly in the\n                    <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                    region, and highlight tau-mediated mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets, further validation is needed to establish the extent of genetic overlap between these conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32329-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:56:20Z","timestamp":1765630580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-task learning identifies shared genetic risk for late-onset epilepsy and alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mingzhou","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thai","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Pasaniuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Vossel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"32329_CR1","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia. 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