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We used a dedicated 3D-printed CT phantom based on DICOM data obtained from a PCCT scan of a 5-year-old boy (70\u00a0kV, 458 mAs). We performed two scans on the phantom (1: 70\u00a0kV, 461 mAs and 2: 90\u00a0kV, 148 mAs), reconstructing them with three kernels. We measured the objective IQ based on mean CT values and image noise within eight target structures. Three radiology experts assessed the subjective IQ on a 5-point Likert scale. The CT values of organs and vessels in phantom scan 1 (Br40) were equivalent to those in the patient (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.019). The phantom demonstrated higher mean CT values for fat and lower CT values for bone. The image noise was equivalent between both scans (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.027). The phantom showed high subjective IQ but a significantly lower rating than the patient (median 4 vs. 5,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrates comparable IQ between the phantom and the patient scan at comparable dose parameters. In the future, it may be possible to anticipate radiation exposure in dose reduction studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32391-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:45:54Z","timestamp":1765547154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Validation of a novel 3D-printed anthropomorphic pediatric abdomen phantom using photon-counting CT"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Thilo","family":"Schikorra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias S.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Flohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Allmendinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Knieling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ido","family":"Bitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reut","family":"Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Uder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"32391_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncz195","volume":"186","author":"L J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2019","unstructured":"J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1, L. et al. 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T.F. and T.A. are employees of Siemens Healthineers GmbH. R.R. and I.B. are employees of Stratasys Ltd. All other authors have no affiliation with any organization with a direct or indirect financial interest in the subject discussed in the manuscript. The research phantom was on temporary loan from Siemens Healthineers. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. The retrospective analysis and publication of anonymized CT images for research purposes is in accordance with EU and German regulatory policies. The Ethics Committee of the Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t (FAU) Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg reviewed the study concept. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the committee waived the need for ethical approval; consequently, informed consent was not necessary (reference number: 25-304-ANF).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"43812"}}