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This study investigates the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of two tannins isolated from the flowers of\n                    <jats:italic>Jatropha integerrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    against multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The two active tannins were isolated from the methanol-soluble portion of 70% aqueous methanol flower extract, by consecutive column chromatography. Their antimicrobial activity against the resistant\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate (BKP-122) was assessed through agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Their antibiofilm activity was evaluated by using the microtiter plate method and real-time PCR to reveal their effect on the biofilm-associated genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Their structures were identified as 2 hydrolysable ellagitannins, namely 1-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -galloyl-3,6-(\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    )-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-\n                    <jats:bold>D<\/jats:bold>\n                    -B\n                    <jats:sub>1,4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -glucopyranose (Jatrophenin-1) and 1-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -galloyl-3,6-(\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    )-valoneoyl-\n                    <jats:bold>D<\/jats:bold>\n                    -B\n                    <jats:sub>1,4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -glucopyranose (Jatrophenin-2), together with vicenin-2, acacetin 7-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:bold>D<\/jats:bold>\n                    -glucopyranoside, (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    )-\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -coumaric acid, and sucrose, based on the chromatographic characters,\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H-, and\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C NMR analyses. They were found to have potent antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm activity against the resistant\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate (BKP-122). Real-time PCR analysis indicated that treatment with tannins resulted in the downregulation of critical biofilm-related genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>luxS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mrkA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>pgaA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>wzm<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>wbbM<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally, the two compounds showed high docking binding scores against Topoisomerase IV, KPLpxH, and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -lactamase enzymes, and stable complexes, as evidenced by binding energy values ranging from -8.2 to -10\u00a0kcal\/mol. These findings underscore the effectiveness of\n                    <jats:italic>J. integerrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    tannins as a viable therapeutic strategy to combat antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related infections, highlighting their role in modulating bacterial gene expression and biofilm development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32490-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T20:14:20Z","timestamp":1768421660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The gene-modulating power of Tannins isolated from Jatropha integerrima flowers on the transcriptomic profile of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fatma S.","family":"Mahrous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3381-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shimaa M.","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma Sayed Abdel-Aal","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona Shaban E. 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