{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T04:08:28Z","timestamp":1792382908041,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32714-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T11:15:00Z","timestamp":1766142900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and validation of a risk prediction model for postoperative urinary retention after gynecologic abdominal-pelvic surgery"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youbei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"32714_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.04.011","volume":"108","author":"HE Nye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nye, H. E., Shen, E. P. & Baig, F. Postoperative complications. Med. Clin. North. Am. 108 (6), 1201\u20131214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.04.011 (2024).","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North. Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"32714_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819f7aea","volume":"110","author":"G Baldini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baldini, G., Bagry, H., Aprikian, A. & Carli, F. Postoperative urinary retention: Anesthetic and perioperative considerations. Anesthesiology 110(5), 1139\u20131157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819f7aea (2009).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"32714_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh099","volume":"92","author":"L Lamonerie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lamonerie, L. et al. Prevalence of postoperative bladder distension and urinary retention detected by ultrasound measurement. Br. J. Anaesth. 92 (4), 544\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeh099 (2004).","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"5","key":"32714_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000595","volume":"120","author":"A Daurat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daurat, A. et al. Diagnosis of postoperative urinary retention using a simplified ultrasound bladder measurement. Anesth. Analg. 120 (5), 1033\u20131038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000595 (2015).","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"32714_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/169608","volume":"33","author":"Q Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Li, N. & Wu, Y. Neostigmine for postoperative surgical urine retention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 33(5), 435\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17219\/acem\/169608 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"32714_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05855-8","volume":"35","author":"M Kayondo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kayondo, M. et al. Incidence of and risk factors for post-operative urinary retention following surgery for perineal tears among Ugandan women: A prospective cohort study. Int. Urogynecol. J. 35(8), 1673\u20131679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05855-8 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"32714_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2009.07.010","volume":"27","author":"DM Darrah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Darrah, D. M., Griebling, T. L. & Silverstein, J. H. Postoperative urinary retention. Anesthesiol. Clin. 27(3), 465\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anclin.2009.07.010 (2009).","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"32714_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cambise, C. et al. Postoperative urinary retention (POUR): A narrative review. Saudi J. Anaesth. 18(2), 265\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.sja_88_24.","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_88_24"},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03171-3","volume":"24","author":"MJ Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, M. J., Lee, S., Lee, S. Y., Oh, S. & Jeon, M. J. Development and validation of a prediction model for postoperative urinary retention after prolapse surgery: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Womens Health 24(1), 331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-024-03171-3 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"32714_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000159165.90094.40","volume":"101","author":"H Keita","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keita, H. et al. Predictive factors of early postoperative urinary retention in the postanesthesia care unit. Anesth. Analg 101(2), 592\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/01.ANE.0000159165.90094.40 (2005).","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06816-w","volume":"24","author":"D Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian, D. et al. Construction and validation of a predictive model for postoperative urinary retention after lumbar interbody fusion surgery. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 24 (1), 813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-023-06816-w (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord"},{"key":"32714_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0241-z","volume":"13","author":"GS Collins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins, G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Altman, D. G. & Moons, K. G. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): The TRIPOD statement. BMC Med. 13, 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-014-0241-z (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"32714_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-1433.2004.03116.x","volume":"74","author":"H Lau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lau, H. & Lam, B. Management of postoperative urinary retention: A randomized trial of in-out versus overnight catheterization. ANZ J. Surg. 74(8), 658\u2013661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-1433.2004.03116.x (2004).","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199907000-00016","volume":"89","author":"DJ Pavlin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pavlin, D. J., Pavlin, E. G., Gunn, H. C., Taraday, J. K. & Koerschgen, M. E. Voiding in patients managed with or without ultrasound monitoring of bladder volume after outpatient surgery. Anesth. Analg. 89 (1), 90\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000539-199907000-00016 (1999).","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"32714_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200208000-00005","volume":"97","author":"MF Mulroy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mulroy, M. F., Salinas, F. V., Larkin, K. L. & Polissar, N. L. Ambulatory surgery patients may be discharged before voiding after short-acting spinal and epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology 97 (2), 315\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200208000-00005 (2002).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"32714_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199802000-00007","volume":"88","author":"ET Kamphuis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kamphuis, E. T. et al. Recovery of storage and emptying functions of the urinary bladder after spinal anesthesia with lidocaine and with bupivacaine in men. Anesthesiology 88(2), 310\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-199802000-00007 (1998).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"32714_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011736","volume":"43","author":"KB Javery","year":"1996","unstructured":"Javery, K. B., Ussery, T. W., Steger, H. G. & Colclough, G. W. Comparison of morphine and morphine with ketamine for postoperative analgesia. Can. J. Anaesth. 43 (3), 212\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03011736 (1996).","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"3","key":"32714_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/54.3.291","volume":"54","author":"TA Torda","year":"1982","unstructured":"Torda, T. A. & Pybus, D. A. Comparison of four narcotic analgesics for extradural analgesia. Br. J. Anaesth. 54 (3), 291\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/54.3.291 (1982).","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"5","key":"32714_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X202056","volume":"89","author":"P Sanjay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sanjay, P. & Woodward, A. Inguinal hernia repair: Local or general anaesthesia?. Ann. R Coll. Surg. Engl. 89(5), 497\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1308\/003588407X202056 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. R Coll. Surg. Engl."},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05564-3","volume":"24","author":"Y Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Li, C., Wang, X. & Li, H. Development of a machine learning-based risk assessment model for loneliness among elderly chinese: A cross-sectional study based on Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey. BMC Geriatr. 24(1), 939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05564-3 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"32714_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348803","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1348803","volume":"11","author":"E Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, E., Ai, F. & Liang, C. A machine learning model to predict the risk of depression in US adults with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: A cross-sectional study. Front. Public Health 11, 1348803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1348803 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"32714_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.185","volume":"367","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu, Y. & Ma, X. Using machine learning models to identify the risk of depression in middle-aged and older adults with frequent and infrequent nicotine use: A cross-sectional study. J. Affect. Disord 367, 554\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.185 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02874-3","volume":"25","author":"D Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, D., Gong, L., Wei, C., Wang, X. & Liang, Z. An explainable machine learning-based model to predict intensive care unit admission among patients with community-acquired pneumonia and connective tissue disease. Respir. Res. 25(1), 246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-024-02874-3 (2024).","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"32714_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2024.105585","volume":"191","author":"Y Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Dong, R., Liu, J. & Wu, B. A machine learning-based predictive model for the in-hospital mortality of critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Med. Inf. 191, 105585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2024.105585 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-020-00369-8","volume":"7","author":"JT Hancock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hancock, J. T. & Khoshgoftaar, T. M. CatBoost for big data: An interdisciplinary review. J. Big Data 7(1), 94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40537-020-00369-8 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Big Data"},{"issue":"6","key":"32714_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab869","volume":"38","author":"K Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, K. et al. Efficient gradient boosting for prognostic biomarker discovery. Bioinformatics 38 (6), 1631\u20131638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab869 (2022).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"7","key":"32714_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7161","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7161","volume":"13","author":"QH Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, Q. H. et al. Application of interpretable machine learning algorithms to predict distant metastasis in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Cancer Med. 13 (7), e7161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.7161 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"32714_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mao, Y., Jimma, B. L. & Mihretie, T. B. Machine learning algorithms for heart disease diagnosis: A systematic review. Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 24, 103082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2025.103082.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2025.103082"},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-019-03284-y","volume":"145","author":"XG Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, X. G. et al. Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for the overall survival of patients living with spinal metastases. J. Neurooncol. 145(1), 167\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-019-03284-y (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"32714_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02109-0","volume":"46","author":"X Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, X. et al. Application of machine learning algorithms to predict osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 46 (12), 2535\u20132546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-023-02109-0 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"32714_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17098","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17098","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Xiao, L., Yu, L. & Zhang, L. Construction of a predictive model for bone metastasis from first primary lung adenocarcinoma within 3\u00a0cm based on machine learning algorithm: A retrospective study. PeerJ 12, e17098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.17098 (2024).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"32714_CR32","unstructured":"Lundberg, S. M. & Lee, S. I. A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Curran Associates Inc. 4768\u20134777. (2017). https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper_files\/paper\/2017\/file\/8a20a8621978632d76c43dfd28b67767-Paper.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"32714_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.09.004","volume":"38","author":"J Petch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petch, J., Di, S. & Nelson, W. Opening the black box: The promise and limitations of explainable machine learning in cardiology. Can. J. Cardiol. 38(2), 204\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.09.004 (2022).","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01637-x","volume":"24","author":"HL Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, H. L. et al. The association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr. Disord. 24(1), 107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-024-01637-x (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99659-5","volume":"15","author":"YB He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He, Y. B. et al. An interpretable deep learning framework using FCT-SMOTE and BO-TabNet algorithms for reservoir water sensitivity damage prediction. Sci. Rep. 15 (1), 18655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-99659-5 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"32714_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.220","volume":"351","author":"X Dang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dang, X. et al. Association between high or low-quality carbohydrate with depressive symptoms and socioeconomic-dietary factors model based on XGboost algorithm: From NHANES 2007\u20132018. J. Affect. Disord 351, 507\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.220 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"key":"32714_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h3868","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3868","volume":"351","author":"M Pavlou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pavlou, M. et al. How to develop a more accurate risk prediction model when there are few events. BMJ 351, h3868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h3868 (2015).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"32714_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2023.107772","volume":"241","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, Z. et al. Interpretable machine-learning model for real-time, clustered risk factor analysis of sepsis and septic death in critical care. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 241, 107772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2023.107772 (2023).","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"issue":"6","key":"32714_CR39","first-page":"497","volume":"174","author":"JG Petros","year":"1992","unstructured":"Petros, J. G., Rimm, E. B. & Robillard, R. J. Factors influencing urinary tract retention after elective open cholecystectomy. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 174 (6), 497\u2013500 (1992). https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/1350689\/","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"8","key":"32714_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03893-1","volume":"30","author":"A Alas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alas, A. et al. Does spinal anesthesia lead to postoperative urinary retention in same-day urogynecology surgery? A retrospective review. Int. Urogynecol. J. 30 (8), 1283\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03893-1 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"32714_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shannon, M. B., Gupta, N., Eberhardt, J. & Farooq, A. V. Broken sacral neuromodulation lead migration into the sigmoid colon: A case report. Female Pelvic Med. Reconstr. Surg. 24(6), e49\u2013e50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000601.","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000601"},{"key":"32714_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayoglou, L., Dulabon, L., Martin-Alguacil, N., Pfaff, D. & Schober, J. Success of treatment modalities for labial fusion: A retrospective evaluation of topical and surgical treatments. J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol. 22(4), 247\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2008.09.003 (2009).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2008.09.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1205-2","volume":"22","author":"A Dirim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dirim, A. & Hasirci, E. Labial fusion causing urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infection in a postmenopausal female: A case report. Int. Urogynecol. J. 22(1), 119\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-010-1205-2 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"issue":"23","key":"32714_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14232659","volume":"14","author":"MC T\u00eernovanu","year":"2024","unstructured":"T\u00eernovanu, M. C. et al. Bladder outlet obstruction due to recurrent complete labial fusion in postmenopausal woman-case report. Diagnostics 14(23), 2659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14232659 (2024).","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"32714_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01107","volume":"9","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan, Z. et al. Laparoscopic vs. open abdominal radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer: A single-institution, propensity score matching study in China. Front. Oncol. 9, 1107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2019.01107 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"32714_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200406000-00023","volume":"100","author":"PW Kuipers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kuipers, P. W. et al. Intrathecal opioids and lower urinary tract function: A urodynamic evaluation. Anesthesiology 100(6), 1497\u20131503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200406000-00023 (2004).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"32714_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3109\/00365598609024494","volume":"20","author":"T Tammela","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tammela, T., Kontturi, M. & Lukkarinen, O. Postoperative urinary retention. I. Incidence and predisposing factors. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. 20 (3), 197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365598609024494 (1986).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(2000)19:1","volume":"19","author":"S Matsuura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matsuura, S. & Downie, J. W. Effect of anesthetics on reflex micturition in the chronic cannula-implanted rat. Neurourol. Urodyn. 19(1), 87\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(2000)19:1 (2000).","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"issue":"12","key":"32714_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.12.1986","volume":"54","author":"H Combrisson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Combrisson, H., Robain, G. & Cotard, J. P. Comparative effects of xylazine and Propofol on the urethral pressure profile of healthy dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54 (12), 1986\u20131989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.12.1986 (1993).","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"32714_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02416.x","volume":"55","author":"BS Hansen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hansen, B. S., S\u00f8reide, E., Warland, A. M. & Nilsen, O. B. Risk factors of post-operative urinary retention in hospitalised patients. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 55 (5), 545\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02416.x (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"32714_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/2090598X.2019.1589929","volume":"17","author":"AP Cameron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cameron, A. P. Systematic review of lower urinary tract symptoms occurring with pelvic organ prolapse. Arab. J. Urol. 17(1), 23\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2090598X.2019.1589929 (2019).","journal-title":"Arab. J. Urol."},{"key":"32714_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S55383","volume":"6","author":"EJ Geller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geller, E. J. Prevention and management of postoperative urinary retention after urogynecologic surgery. Int. J. Womens Health. 6, 829\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJWH.S55383 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"32714_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199108000-00016","volume":"269","author":"MS Petersen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Petersen, M. S., Collins, D. N., Selakovich, W. G. & Finkbeiner, A. E. Postoperative urinary retention associated with total hip and total knee arthroplasties. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 269, 102\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-199108000-00016 (1991).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"32714_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3868","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07954-4","volume":"32","author":"K Porche","year":"2023","unstructured":"Porche, K. et al. Pre-operative prediction of post-operative urinary retention in lumbar surgery: a prospective validation of machine learning model. Eur. Spine J. 32 (11), 3868\u20133874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-023-07954-4 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"8","key":"32714_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05903-3","volume":"35","author":"I Vasicka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vasicka, I. A commentary on incidence and risk factors for post-operative urinary retention following surgery for perineal tears among Ugandan women: A prospective cohort study. Int. Urogynecol. J. 35(8), 1729\u20131730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05903-3 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-32714-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-32714-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-32714-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T01:07:12Z","timestamp":1769216832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-32714-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["32714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-32714-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2871"}}