{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:29:26Z","timestamp":1790123366224,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33117-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T17:22:03Z","timestamp":1766596923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative genomics reveals avian Acinetobacter baumannii as antimicrobial resistance reservoirs and bovine strains with elevated pathogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dadimi","family":"Bhargavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Ghatak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kandhan","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madesh","family":"Angappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Aibor","family":"Pyngrope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Pynhun","family":"Lamare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A. P.","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chendu Bharat","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"33117_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.01.011","volume":"117","author":"V Nema","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nema, V., Agrawal, R., Kamboj, D. V., Goel, A. K. & Singh, L. Isolation and characterization of heat resistant enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus from a food poisoning outbreak in Indian Subcontinent. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 117, 29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.01.011 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0405-2","volume":"7","author":"M Tavakol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tavakol, M., Momtaz, H., Mohajeri, P., Shokoohizadeh, L. & Tajbakhsh, E. Genotyping and distribution of putative virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes of acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from Raw meat. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control. 7, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-018-0405-2 (2018).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"33117_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9110868","volume":"9","author":"AK Llarena","year":"2020","unstructured":"Llarena, A. K. & Kivist\u00f6, R. Human campylobacteriosis cases traceable to chicken meat\u2014evidence for disseminated outbreaks in Finland. Pathogens. 9, 868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens9110868 (2020).","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"33117_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040644","volume":"12","author":"OE Ahuatzin-Flores","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahuatzin-Flores, O. E., Torres, E. & Ch\u00e1vez-Bravo, E. Acinetobacter baumannii, a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen in new habitats: a systematic review. Microorganisms 12, 644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12040644 (2024).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"33117_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2023.104410","volume":"118","author":"A Costa-Ribeiro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Costa-Ribeiro, A. et al. Assessment of the presence of acinetobacter spp. Resistant to \u03b2-lactams in commercial ready-to-eat salad samples. Food Microbiol. 118, 104410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2023.104410 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2014.0006","volume":"9","author":"D Eng\u00fcr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eng\u00fcr, D. et al. Milk pump as a source for spreading acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit. Breastfeed. Med. 9, 551\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2014.0006 (2014).","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"33117_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081045","volume":"11","author":"L Jacobmeyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jacobmeyer, L., Semmler, T., Stamm, I. & Ewers, C. Genomic analysis of acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying OXA-23 and OXA-58 genes from animals reveals ST1 and ST25 as major clonal lineages. Antibiotics 11, 1045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11081045 (2022).","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"33117_CR8","unstructured":"Tacconelli, E., Magrini, N., Kahlmeter, G. & Singh, N. J. Global Priority List of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria To Guide Research, Discovery, and Development of New Antibiotics (World Health Organization, 2017)."},{"key":"33117_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.11.052","volume":"28","author":"A Elbehiry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elbehiry, A. et al. Acinetobacter baumannii as a community foodborne pathogen: peptide mass fingerprinting analysis, genotypic of biofilm formation and phenotypic pattern of antimicrobial resistance. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 28, 1158\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.11.052 (2021).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"33117_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-07","volume":"21","author":"AY Peleg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peleg, A. Y., Seifert, H. & Paterson, D. L. Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21, 538\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00058-07 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"33117_CR11","first-page":"e000339","volume":"6","author":"KL Wyres","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wyres, K. L., Cahill, S. M., Holt, K. E., Hall, R. M. & Kenyon, J. J. Identification of acinetobacter baumannii loci for capsular polysaccharide (KL) and lipooligosaccharide outer core (OCL) synthesis in genome assemblies using curated reference databases compatible with kaptive. Microb. Genom. 6 (3), e000339 (2019).","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"33117_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cahill, S. M., Hall, R. M. & Kenyon, J. J. An update to the database for Acinetobacter baumannii capsular polysaccharide locus typing extends the extensive and diverse repertoire of genes found at and outside the K locus. Microb. Genom. 8(10), 000878 (2022).","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000878"},{"key":"33117_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorbello, B. M., Cahill, S. M. & Kenyon, J. J. Identification of further variation at the lipooligosaccharide outer core locus in Acinetobacter baumannii genomes and extension of the OCL reference sequence database for Kaptive. Microb. Genom. 9(6), 001042 (2023).","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001042"},{"key":"33117_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020007","volume":"2","author":"PE Fournier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fournier, P. E. et al. Comparative genomics of multidrug resistance in acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS Genet. 2, e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020007 (2006).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"33117_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108702","volume":"245","author":"G Maboni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maboni, G., Seguel, M., Lorton, A. & Sanchez, S. Antimicrobial resistance patterns Of acinetobacter spp. Of animal origin reveal high rate Of multidrug resistance. Vet. Microbiol. 245, 108702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108702 (2020).","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01871","volume":"7","author":"DM Fernando","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernando, D. M. et al. Isolation and characterization of acinetobacter baumannii recovered from Campylobacter selective medium. Front. Microbiol. 7, 1871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01871 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105749","volume":"172","author":"B Havenga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Havenga, B., Reyneke, B., Ndlovu, T. & Khan, W. Genotypic and phenotypic comparison of clinical and environmental acinetobacter baumannii strains. Microb. Pathog. 172, 105749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105749 (2022).","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog"},{"key":"33117_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01820.x","volume":"301","author":"SW Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim, S. W. et al. Serum resistance of acinetobacter baumannii through the binding of factor H to outer membrane proteins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 301, 224\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01820.x (2009).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"33117_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00538.x","volume":"55","author":"LB King","year":"2009","unstructured":"King, L. B., Swiatlo, E., Swiatlo, A. & McDaniel, L. S. Serum resistance and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 55, 414\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00538.x (2009).","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030556","volume":"11","author":"J R\u00fchl-Teichner","year":"2023","unstructured":"R\u00fchl-Teichner, J., Jacobmeyer, L., Leidner, U., Semmler, T. & Ewers, C. Genomic diversity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm formation of clinical acinetobacter baumannii isolates from horses. Microorganisms 11, 556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11030556 (2023).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"33117_CR21","first-page":"413","volume":"8","author":"R Kaviani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaviani, R., Pouladi, I., Niakan, M. & Mirnejad, R. Molecular detection of Adefg efflux pump genes and their contribution to antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Rep. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 8, 413\u2013421 (2020).","journal-title":"Rep. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"33117_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11060698","volume":"11","author":"A Hamame","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamame, A., Davoust, B., Cherak, Z., Rolain, J. M. & Diene, S. M. Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in cats and dogs and their zoonotic transmission risks. Pathogens 11, 698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11060698 (2022).","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"33117_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060690","volume":"10","author":"G Wareth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wareth, G. et al. Molecular characterization of German Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis based on WGS reveals novel STs. Pathogens 10, 690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10060690 (2021).","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"33117_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01010","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01010-19","volume":"63","author":"F Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma, F. et al. Identification of a novel plasmid carrying mcr-4.3 in an acinetobacter baumannii strain in China. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 63, e01010\u2013e01019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01010-19 (2019).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"33117_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108954","volume":"253","author":"C Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. Spread of tet(X5) and tet(X6) genes in multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains of animal origin. Vet. Microbiol. 253, 108954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108954 (2021).","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa037","volume":"75","author":"D Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, D. et al. Identification of the novel Tigecycline resistance gene tet(X6) and its variants in Myroides, acinetobacter and proteus of food animal origin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 75, 1428\u20131431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaa037 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"33117_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01010","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01010-21","volume":"9","author":"J Jo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jo, J. & Ko, K. S. Tigecycline heteroresistance and resistance mechanism in clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii. Microbiol. Spectr. 9, e01010\u2013e01021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/Spectrum.01010-21 (2021).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"33117_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141490","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1141490","volume":"13","author":"C Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, C., Yu, Y. & Hua, X. Resistance mechanisms of Tigecycline in Acinetobacter baumannii. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 13, 1141490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1141490 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.06.007","volume":"38","author":"A Hamouda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamouda, A., Findlay, J., Al Hassan, L. & Amyes, S. G. Epidemiology of acinetobacter baumannii of animal origin. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 38, 314\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.06.007 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"33117_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01289","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01289-22","volume":"10","author":"V Mateo-Estrada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mateo-Estrada, V., Vali, L., Hamouda, A., Evans, B. A. & Castillo-Ram\u00edrez, S. Acinetobacter baumannii sampled from cattle and pigs represent novel clones. Microbiol. Spectr. 10, e01289\u2013e01222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01289-22 (2022).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"33117_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01258-08","volume":"191","author":"PD Mugnier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mugnier, P. D., Poirel, L. & Nordmann, P. Functional analysis of insertion sequence ISAba1, responsible for genomic plasticity of Acinetobacter baumannii. J. Bacteriol. 191, 2414\u20132418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.01258-08 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"33117_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201800204","volume":"58","author":"S Babakhani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Babakhani, S. & Oloomi, M. Transposons: the agents of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. J. Basic. Microbiol. 58, 905\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.201800204 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Basic. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02706-8","volume":"22","author":"N Zahra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zahra, N., Zeshan, B. & Ishaq, M. Carbapenem resistance gene crisis in A. baumannii: a computational analysis. BMC Microbiol. 22, 290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-022-02706-8 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cambray, G., Guerout, A. M. &  Mazel, D. Integrons Annu. Rev. Genet. 44, 141\u2013166 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-genet-102209-163504 (2010).","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102209-163504"},{"key":"33117_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01021-06","volume":"44","author":"JF Turton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turton, J. F. et al. Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii by detection of the blaOXA-51-like carbapenemase gene intrinsic to this species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44, 2974\u20132976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01021-06 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02077.x","volume":"14","author":"LY Huang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huang, L. Y. et al. Dissemination of multidrug-resistant, class 1 integron-carrying Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Taiwan. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14, 1010\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02077.x (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"33117_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00930","volume":"10","author":"S Gaiarsa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaiarsa, S. et al. Comparative analysis of the two Acinetobacter baumannii multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes. Front. Microbiol. 10, 930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00930 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0209367","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209367","volume":"13","author":"KE da Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"da Silva, K. E. et al. A high mortality rate associated with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST79 and ST25 carrying OXA-23 in a Brazilian intensive care unit. PLoS One. 13, e0209367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0209367 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"33117_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000871","volume":"68","author":"FKS de Azevedo","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Azevedo, F. K. S. et al. Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in two hospitals in central brazil: the role of ST730 and ST162 in clinical outcomes. J. Med. Microbiol. 68, 31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.000871 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000093","volume":"64","author":"Y Kubo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kubo, Y. et al. Spread of OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 and ST246 in a hospital in Japan. J. Med. Microbiol. 64, 739\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.000093 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1401-2","volume":"19","author":"T Nawfal Dagher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nawfal Dagher, T. et al. Investigation of multidrug-resistant ST2 Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from saint George hospital in Lebanon. BMC Microbiol. 19, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-019-1401-2 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"33117_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062160","volume":"8","author":"JJ Kenyon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kenyon, J. J. & Hall, R. M. Variation in the complex carbohydrate biosynthesis loci of Acinetobacter baumannii genomes. PloS One. 8 (4), e62160 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"33117_CR43","first-page":"e000052","volume":"2","author":"K Holt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holt, K. et al. Five decades of genome evolution in the globally distributed, extensively antibiotic-resistant acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1. Microb. Genom. 2 (2), e000052 (2016).","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"issue":"10","key":"33117_CR44","first-page":"e000306","volume":"5","author":"M Hamidian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamidian, M. & Nigro, S. J. Emergence, molecular mechanisms and global spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb. Genom. 5 (10), e000306 (2019).","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"issue":"1","key":"33117_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-020518-115714","volume":"73","author":"E Geisinger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geisinger, E., Huo, W., Hernandez-Bird, J. & Isberg, R. R. Acinetobacter baumannii: envelope determinants that control drug resistance, virulence, and surface variability. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 73 (1), 481\u2013506 (2019).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12125","volume":"71","author":"LC Antunes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Antunes, L. C., Visca, P. & Towner, K. J. Acinetobacter baumannii: evolution of a global pathogen. Pathog Dis. 71, 292\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2049-632X.12125 (2014).","journal-title":"Pathog Dis."},{"key":"33117_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2015.06.005","volume":"7","author":"L Rouli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rouli, L., Merhej, V., Fournier, P. E. & Raoult, D. The bacterial pangenome as a new tool for analysing pathogenic bacteria. New. Microbes New. Infect. 7, 72\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmni.2015.06.005 (2015).","journal-title":"New. Microbes New. Infect."},{"key":"33117_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2951-4","volume":"17","author":"A Hassan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hassan, A. et al. Pangenome and immuno-proteomics analysis of acinetobacter baumannii strains revealed the core peptide vaccine targets. BMC Genom. 17, 732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-016-2951-4 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"key":"33117_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138232","volume":"726","author":"AC Narciso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Narciso, A. C. et al. Healthcare-associated carbapenem-resistant OXA-72-producing acinetobacter baumannii of the clonal complex CC79 colonizing migratory and captive aquatic birds in a Brazilian zoo. Sci. Total Environ. 726, 138232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138232 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"33117_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malik, Y. S., Milton, A. A. P., Ghatak, S. & Ghosh, S. Role of Birds in Transmitting Zoonotic Pathogens (Springer, 2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-4554-9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-4554-9"},{"key":"33117_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsec.2004.05.007","volume":"50","author":"K Vanbroekhoven","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vanbroekhoven, K., Ryngaert, A., Wattiau, P., Mot, R. & Springael, D. Acinetobacter diversity in environmental samples assessed by 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE fingerprinting. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 50, 37\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.femsec.2004.05.007 (2004).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"33117_CR52","unstructured":"CLSI. M100S Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2020)."},{"key":"33117_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-014-0333-2","volume":"16","author":"D Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, D. et al. Biological features of biofilm-forming ability of acinetobacter baumannii strains derived from 121 elderly patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Exp. Med. 16, 73\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-014-0333-2 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"33117_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037024","volume":"7","author":"AF Tayabali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tayabali, A. F. et al. Comparison of the virulence potential of acinetobacter strains from clinical and environmental sources. PLoS One. 7, e37024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037024 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"33117_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15931.2","volume":"7","author":"SW Wingett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wingett, S. W. & Andrews, S. FastQ screen: a tool for multi-genome mapping and quality control. F1000Res 7, 1338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.15931.2 (2018).","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"33117_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i142","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty266","volume":"34","author":"A Mikheenko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mikheenko, A., Prjibelski, A., Saveliev, V., Antipov, D. & Gurevich, A. Versatile genome assembly evaluation with QUAST-LG. Bioinformatics 34, i142\u2013i150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty266 (2018).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"33117_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","volume":"19","author":"A Bankevich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bankevich, A. et al. SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J. Comput. Biol. 19, 455\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"33117_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, D. E., Lu, J. & Langmead, B. Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2. Genome Biol. 20(1), 257 (2019).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0"},{"key":"33117_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-01940-w","volume":"20","author":"A Chklovski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chklovski, A., Parks, D. H., Woodcroft, B. J. & Tyson, G. W. CheckM2: a rapid, scalable and accurate tool for assessing microbial genome quality using machine learning. Nat. Methods. 20, 1203\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41592-023-01940-w (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"33117_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10034","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010034","volume":"5","author":"L Diancourt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diancourt, L., Passet, V., Nemec, A., Dijkshoorn, L. & Brisse, S. The population structure of Acinetobacter baumannii: expanding multiresistant clones from an ancestral susceptible genetic pool. PLoS One. 5, e10034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0010034 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"33117_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4382-4390.2005","volume":"43","author":"SG Bartual","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bartual, S. G. et al. Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for characterization of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 4382\u20134390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4382-4390.2005 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D517","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935","volume":"48","author":"BP Alcock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alcock, B. P. et al. CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res. 48, D517\u2013D525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz935 (2020).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"33117_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-3335-y","volume":"21","author":"Y He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, Y. et al. PRAP: panresistome analysis pipeline. BMC Bioinform. 21, 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-019-3335-y (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"33117_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.09.006","volume":"11","author":"H Tettelin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tettelin, H., Riley, D., Cattuto, C. & Medini, D. Comparative genomics: the bacterial pan-genome. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 11, 472\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2008.09.006 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D694","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1239","volume":"44","author":"L Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, L., Zheng, D., Liu, B., Yang, J. & Jin, Q. VFDB 2016: hierarchical and refined dataset for big data analysis\u201410 years on. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, D694\u2013D697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkv1239 (2016).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"33117_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077302","volume":"8","author":"S Cosentino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cosentino, S., Voldby Larsen, M., M\u00f8ller Aarestrup, F. & Lund, O. PathogenFinder\u2014distinguishing friend from foe using bacterial whole genome sequence data. PLoS One. 8, e77302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0077302 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"33117_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649969","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.649969","volume":"12","author":"X Hua","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hua, X. et al. BacAnt: a combination annotation server for bacterial DNA sequences to identify antibiotic resistance genes, integrons, and transposable elements. Front. Microbiol. 12, 649969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.649969 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"33117_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanton, T. D., Hetland, M. A., L\u00f6hr, I. H., Holt, K. E. & Wyres, K. L. Fast and Accurate in silico Antigen Typing with Kaptive 3. bioRxiv. 2025-02 (2025).","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001428"},{"key":"33117_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.260828.120","volume":"30","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Charlesworth, J. & Achtman, M. Accurate reconstruction of bacterial pan- and core genomes with PEPPAN. Genome Res. 30, 1667\u20131679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.260828.120 (2020).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"33117_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1108-8","volume":"17","author":"O Brynildsrud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brynildsrud, O. et al. Rapid scoring of genes in microbial pan-genome-wide association studies with scoary. Genome Biol. 17, 238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-016-1108-8 (2016).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"33117_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0221068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221068","volume":"14","author":"M Balaban","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balaban, M., Moshiri, N., Mai, U., Jia, X. & Mirarab, S. TreeCluster: clustering biological sequences using phylogenetic trees. PLoS One. 14, e0221068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221068 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"33117_CR72","unstructured":"Rambaut, A. FigTree v.1.4.4. (2018). http:\/\/tree.bio.ed.ac.uk\/software\/figtree"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33117-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33117-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33117-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T02:02:46Z","timestamp":1769220166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-33117-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["33117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-33117-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3184"}}