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However, its role in ocular neurodegeneration remains unclear. In this prospective study, we evaluated the correlation between aqueous humor A\u03b2 concentrations and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with open-angle glaucoma (including primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma) and exfoliation glaucoma. A total of 154 patients who underwent either cataract or glaucoma surgery were included and categorized into four groups\u2014cataract (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200990), glaucoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200927), pseudoexfoliation syndrome (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200921), and exfoliation glaucoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916). A\u03b2 concentrations in aqueous humor samples collected during surgery were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean A\u03b21\u201340 and A\u03b21\u201342 concentrations were significantly higher in exfoliation glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation syndrome groups than those in cataract group. A\u03b21\u201340 and A\u03b21\u201342 concentrations were strongly and positively correlated across all groups. A\u03b2 concentrations were negatively correlated with RNFL thickness in glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma groups. These findings indicate a potential role for soluble A\u03b2 peptides in the pathophysiology and progression of glaucoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33346-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T14:26:26Z","timestamp":1766413586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlations between amyloid-\u03b2 peptide levels in aqueous humor and retinal thickness in patients with glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Namekata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Shinmei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Fujiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maiko","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"33346_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.1.22","volume":"118","author":"C Bowd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bowd, C., Weinreb, R. 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These organizations had no role in the design or conduct of this research. The other authors declare no competing interests.\u00a0Dr. Namekata declares receiving lecture fees from Takara Bio Inc., outside the submitted work. Dr. Kojima declares receiving lecture fees from STAAR Surgical, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Johnson & Johnson, SEED, and Alcon, outside the submitted work. These organizations had no role in the design or conduct of this research. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45143"}}