{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:10:00Z","timestamp":1792793400253,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34559-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T19:59:47Z","timestamp":1767556787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development and optimization of polyoxometalate-modified metal-organic frameworks for efficient removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from diesel fuel under visible light"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Haneiyeh","family":"Fakhri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh Hasham","family":"Firooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asiyeh","family":"Moteallemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Esrafili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Yeganeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Pasalari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Farzadkia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"34559_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2174\/1573411016666200312095424","volume":"17","author":"MS Nazir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nazir, M. S. et al. A review on the methods in diesel desulfurization. Curr. Anal. Chem. 17 (6), 815\u2013830 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"44","key":"34559_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61873","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15909-9","volume":"28","author":"S Kumari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumari, S. & Sengupta, S. Non-hydrogen processes for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrogenation of light petroleum fuels\u2014an elaborative review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 28 (44), 61873\u201361907 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"34559_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konur, O. Desulfurization of diesel fuels: A review of the research. Petrodiesel Fuels 1035\u20131053. (2021).","DOI":"10.1201\/9780367456252-13"},{"issue":"4","key":"34559_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1515\/revce-2014-0001","volume":"30","author":"FS Mjalli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mjalli, F. S., Ahmed, O. U., Al-Wahaibi, T., Al-Wahaibi, Y. & AlNashef, I. M. Deep oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels. Rev. Chem. Eng. 30 (4), 337\u2013378 (2014).","journal-title":"Rev. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"34559_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.118021","volume":"259","author":"BN Bhadra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhadra, B. N. & Jhung, S. H. Oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation of fuels using metal-organic framework-based\/-derived catalysts. Appl. Catal. B 259, 118021 (2019).","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B"},{"key":"34559_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2014.06.031","volume":"133","author":"X Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Extractive desulfurization and denitrogenation of fuels using functional acidic ionic liquids. Sep. Purif. Technol. 133, 187\u2013193 (2014).","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"34559_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-015-1386-7","volume":"38","author":"D Maass","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maass, D. et al. Desulfurization and denitrogenation of heavy gas oil by Rhodococcus erythropolis ATCC 4277. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 38, 1447\u20131453 (2015).","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"34559_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/catal14020137","volume":"14","author":"RG Faria","year":"2024","unstructured":"Faria, R. G. et al. Advanced technologies conciliating desulfurization and denitrogenation to prepare clean fuels. Catalysts 14 (2), 137 (2024).","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"issue":"14","key":"34559_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.2c04415","volume":"62","author":"M Aghmasheh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aghmasheh, M., Rezvani, M. A., Jafarian, V. & Aghasadeghi, Z. High oxidation desulfurization of fuels catalyzed by vanadium-substituted phosphomolybdate@ polyaniline@ Chitosan as an inorganic\u2013organic hybrid nanocatalyst. Inorg. Chem. 62 (14), 5468\u20135478 (2023).","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"34559_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2004.10.037","volume":"279","author":"A Ishihara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ishihara, A. et al. Oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation of a light gas oil using an oxidation\/adsorption continuous flow process. Appl. Catal. A 279 (1\u20132), 279\u2013287 (2005).","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A"},{"key":"34559_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.118845","volume":"269","author":"B Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, B., Song, H., Han, F. & Wei, L. Photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation for fuels in ambient air over Ti3C2\/g-C3N4 composites under visible light irradiation. Appl. Catal. B 269, 118845 (2020).","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B"},{"key":"34559_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2019.01.011","volume":"226","author":"X Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation of fuels over sodium doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets under visible light irradiation. Mater. Chem. Phys. 226, 34\u201343 (2019).","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"34559_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42545-9","volume":"13","author":"MA Rezvani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rezvani, M. A., Ghasemi, K., Ardeshiri, H. H. & Aghmasheh, M. Deep oxidative desulfurization of gas oil by iron (III)-substituted polyoxometalate immobilized on nickel (II) oxide,((n-C4H9) 4\u00a0N) 4H [PW11FeO39]@ NiO, as an efficient nanocatalyst. Sci. Rep. 13 (1), 15233 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"22","key":"34559_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35168d","volume":"41","author":"X L\u00f3pez","year":"2012","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, X., Carb\u00f3, J. J., Bo, C. & Poblet, J. M. Structure, properties and reactivity of polyoxometalates: a theoretical perspective. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 (22), 7537\u20137571 (2012).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"34559_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2015.08.028","volume":"181","author":"JD De Leon","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Leon, J. D. Binary \u03b3-Al2O3\u2013\u03b1-Ga2O3 as supports of NiW catalysts for hydrocarbon sulfur removal. Appl. Catal. B. 181, 524\u2013533 (2016).","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B"},{"key":"34559_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.02.006","volume":"271","author":"A Mansouri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mansouri, A., Khodadadi, A. A. & Mortazavi, Y. Ultra-deep adsorptive desulfurization of a model diesel fuel on regenerable Ni\u2013Cu\/\u03b3-Al2O3 at low temperatures in absence of hydrogen. J. Hazard. Mater. 271, 120\u2013130 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"34559_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S1004-9541(08)60194-9","volume":"17","author":"W Huixiong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huixiong, W., Mei, Z., Yixin, Q., Haixia, L. & Hengbo, Y. Preparation and characterization of tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids and catalytic cyclodehydration of 1, 4-butanediol to tetrahydrofuran. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 17 (2), 200\u2013206 (2009).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"34559_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2013.09.003","volume":"60","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. CuO nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, growth mechanisms, fundamental properties, and applications. Prog. Mater. Sci. 60, 208\u2013337 (2014).","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"34559_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-7-70","volume":"7","author":"AS Ethiraj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ethiraj, A. S. & Kang, D. J. Synthesis and characterization of CuO nanowires by a simple wet chemical method. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7, 1\u20135 (2012).","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"34559_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2015.03.210","volume":"346","author":"J-J Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, J-J. et al. In situ growth of cds nanoparticles on UiO-66 metal-organic framework octahedrons for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 346, 278\u2013283 (2015).","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"34559_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2012.04.105","volume":"37","author":"K-S Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin, K-S., Adhikari, A. K., Ku, C-N., Chiang, C-L. & Kuo, H. Synthesis and characterization of porous HKUST-1 metal organic frameworks for hydrogen storage. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy. 37 (18), 13865\u201313871 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"issue":"27","key":"34559_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18474","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CP02307G","volume":"20","author":"L George","year":"2018","unstructured":"George, L., Shakeela, K., Rao, G. R. & Jaiswal, M. Probing the electric double-layer capacitance in a Keggin-type polyoxometalate ionic liquid gated graphene transistor. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20 (27), 18474\u201318483 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"34559_CR23","first-page":"406158","volume":"2013","author":"L Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, L. & Bai, B. Facile Preparation of phosphotungstic Acid-Impregnated yeast hybrid microspheres and their photocatalytic performance for decolorization of Azo dye. Int. J. Photoenergy. 2013 (1), 406158 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Photoenergy"},{"key":"34559_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.04.094","volume":"416","author":"N Maheswari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maheswari, N. & Muralidharan, G. Controlled synthesis of nanostructured molybdenum oxide electrodes for high performance supercapacitor devices. Appl. Surf. Sci. 416, 461\u2013469 (2017).","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"34559_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.5185\/amlett.2015.5656","volume":"6","author":"N Bouazizi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bouazizi, N., Bargougui, R., Oueslati, A. & Benslama, R. Effect of synthesis time on structural, optical and electrical properties of CuO nanoparticles synthesized by reflux condensation method. Adv. Mater. Lett. 6 (2), 158\u2013164 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Lett."},{"key":"34559_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.09.026","volume":"321","author":"P Tan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tan, P. et al. Fabrication of magnetically responsive HKUST-1\/Fe3O4 composites by dry gel conversion for deep desulfurization and denitrogenation. J. Hazard. Mater. 321, 344\u2013352 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"34559_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H3029","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0051905jes","volume":"166","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, J., Musho, T., Bright, J. & Wu, N. Functionalization of a metal-organic framework semiconductor for tuned band structure and catalytic activity. J. Electrochem. Soc. 166 (5), H3029\u2013H34 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"issue":"24","key":"34559_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10897","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ00328C","volume":"45","author":"H Fakhri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fakhri, H. et al. Preparation of tungstophosphoric acid\/cerium-doped NH 2-UiO-66 Z-scheme photocatalyst: a new candidate for green photo-oxidation of Dibenzothiophene and Quinoline using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. New J. Chem. 45 (24), 10897\u201310906 (2021).","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"issue":"37","key":"34559_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12886","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC02637A","volume":"8","author":"AS Babal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Babal, A. S. & Tan, J-C. Influence of mechanical, thermal, and electrical perturbations on the dielectric behaviour of guest-encapsulated HKUST-1 crystals. J. Mater. Chem. C. 8 (37), 12886\u201312892 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"34559_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.07.035","volume":"234","author":"X-F Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, X-F. et al. Adsorptive desulfurization from the model fuels by functionalized UiO-66 (Zr). Fuel 234, 256\u2013262 (2018).","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"6","key":"34559_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1007\/s10562-023-04506-9","volume":"154","author":"M Beshtar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beshtar, M., Larimi, A., Asgharinezhad, A. A. & Khorasheh, F. Ultra-deep photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of model fuel using Ti-UiO-66 (Zr) metal\u2013organic framework. Catal. Lett. 154 (6), 2633\u20132647 (2024).","journal-title":"Catal. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"34559_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-022-02472-0","volume":"33","author":"AM Matloob","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matloob, A. M., Abd El-Hafiz, D. R., Saad, L. & Mikhail, S. Hybrid nanoarchitectonics with Cr, Fe-MOF\/graphene nanocomposite for removal of organic sulfur compounds from diesel fuel. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 33 (1), 254\u2013265 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater."},{"key":"34559_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10450-016-9838-1","volume":"22","author":"F Habimana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Habimana, F., Huo, Y., Jiang, S. & Ji, S. Synthesis of europium metal\u2013organic framework (Eu-MOF) and its performance in adsorptive desulfurization. Adsorption 22, 1147\u20131155 (2016).","journal-title":"Adsorption"},{"issue":"11","key":"34559_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11731","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.7b01928","volume":"31","author":"LV Baia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baia, L. V. et al. Removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from diesel oil by adsorption using clays as adsorbents. Energy Fuels. 31 (11), 11731\u201311742 (2017).","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"34559_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.05.088","volume":"170","author":"A Srivastav","year":"2009","unstructured":"Srivastav, A. & Srivastava, V. C. Adsorptive desulfurization by activated alumina. J. Hazard. Mater. 170 (2\u20133), 1133\u20131140 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"34559_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/suschem2020022","volume":"2","author":"DF Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva, D. F. et al. Removing simultaneously sulfur and nitrogen from fuel under a sustainable oxidative catalytic system. Sustainable Chem. 2 (2), 382\u2013391 (2021).","journal-title":"Sustainable Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"34559_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/compounds1010002","volume":"1","author":"RG Faria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faria, R. G., Juli\u00e3o, D., Balula, S. S. & Cunha-Silva, L. Hf-based UiO-66 as adsorptive compound and oxidative catalyst for denitrogenation processes. Compounds 1 (1), 3\u201314 (2021).","journal-title":"Compounds"},{"issue":"8","key":"34559_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b00761","volume":"122","author":"M Sarker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sarker, M., An, H. J. & Jhung, S. H. Adsorptive removal of Indole and Quinoline from model fuel over various UiO-66s: quantitative contributions of H-bonding and acid\u2013base interactions to adsorption. J. Phys. Chem. C. 122 (8), 4532\u20134539 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"34559_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2023.114250","volume":"423","author":"DF Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva, D. F. et al. Simultaneous sulfur and nitrogen removal from fuel combining activated porous MIL-100 (Fe) catalyst and sustainable solvents. Catal. Today. 423, 114250 (2023).","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"34559_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126491","volume":"404","author":"MMH Mondol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mondol, M. M. H., Bhadra, B. N., Park, J. M. & Jhung, S. H. A remarkable adsorbent for removal of nitrogenous compounds from fuel: A metal\u2013organic framework functionalized both on metal and ligand. Chem. Eng. J. 404, 126491 (2021).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"34559_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.01.327","volume":"218","author":"HE Emam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emam, H. E., Abdelhamid, A. E. & Abdelhameed, R. M. Refining of liquid fuel from N-Containing compounds via using designed Polysulfone@ metal organic framework composite film. J. Clean. Prod. 218, 347\u2013356 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"34559_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.03.093","volume":"321","author":"I Ahmed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed, I., Khan, N. A. & Jhung, S. H. Adsorptive denitrogenation of model fuel by functionalized UiO-66 with acidic and basic moieties. Chem. Eng. J. 321, 40\u201347 (2017).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"34","key":"34559_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31518","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c04670","volume":"8","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Yang, Q-H., Li, H-F., Zong, M-Y. & Wang, D-H. Highly efficient and reusable denitrogenation adsorbent obtained by the fluorination of PMA-MIL-101. ACS Omega. 8 (34), 31518\u201331528 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"34559_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2022.112020","volume":"341","author":"AT Khadim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khadim, A. T., Albayati, T. M. & Saady, N. M. C. Removal of sulfur compounds from real diesel fuel employing the encapsulated mesoporous material adsorbent Co\/MCM-41 in a fixed-bed column. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 341, 112020 (2022).","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"34559_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.148570","volume":"481","author":"TK Vo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vo, T. K., Kim, J., Park, J., Dao, D. Q. & Truong, H. B. Aminobenzoate-defected UiO-66 (Zr)\u2013NH2 frameworks: scalable synthesis and characterizations for adsorptive denitrogenation from model fuel. Chem. Eng. J. 481, 148570 (2024).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"34559_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puga, F., Nav\u00edo, J. & Hidalgo, M. A critical view about use of scavengers for reactive species in heterogeneous photocatalysis. Appl. Catal. A 119879. (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2024.119879"},{"issue":"3","key":"34559_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1021\/tx950117e","volume":"9","author":"AR Amaro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amaro, A. R., Oakley, G. G., Bauer, U., Spielmann, H. P. & Robertson, L. W. Metabolic activation of PCBs to quinones: reactivity toward nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles and influence of superoxide dismutase. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9 (3), 623\u2013629 (1996).","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"45","key":"34559_CR48","first-page":"52581","volume":"15","author":"M Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, M. et al. Encapsulation of H4SiW12O40 into an amide-functionalized MOF: a highly efficient nanocomposite catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 15 (45), 52581\u201352592 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"22","key":"34559_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23329","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c09971","volume":"9","author":"B Barghi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barghi, B. et al. Deep oxidative desulfurization of planar compounds over functionalized Metal\u2013Organic framework UiO-66 (Zr): an optimization study. ACS Omega. 9 (22), 23329\u201323338 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"34559_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2025.118512","volume":"321","author":"P Afshari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Afshari, P., Khoshnavazi, R. & Rezvani, M. A. Synthesis and characterization of new nanocomposite P2W18Co4@ ZnFe2O4@ PVA as an efficient and excellent magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for desulfurization of fuels. Mater. Sci. Engineering: B. 321, 118512 (2025).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Engineering: B"},{"issue":"16","key":"34559_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7850","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5c00053","volume":"39","author":"MA Rezvani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rezvani, M. A., Hassani Ardeshiri, H., Ghafuri, H. & Khalafi, N. High-Oxidative desulfurization of fuels catalyzed by encapsulation of tetranuclear Sandwich-Type polyoxometalate on hierarchical Ni-MOF. Energy Fuels 39 (16), 7850\u20137863 (2025).","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"issue":"51","key":"34559_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36477","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA07532J","volume":"13","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Mixed Valence copper oxide composites derived from metal\u2013organic frameworks for efficient visible light fuel denitrification. RSC Adv. 13 (51), 36477\u201336483 (2023).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"7","key":"34559_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5593","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b00858","volume":"30","author":"B Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, B., Peng, Y. & Chen, Q. Adsorption of N\/S-heteroaromatic compounds from fuels by functionalized MIL-101 (Cr) metal\u2013organic frameworks: the impact of surface functional groups. Energy Fuels. 30 (7), 5593\u20135600 (2016).","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"issue":"38","key":"34559_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23288","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA04417F","volume":"11","author":"W Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, W. et al. Construction of a novel step-scheme CdS\/Pt\/Bi 2 MoO 6 photocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic fuel denitrification. RSC Adv. 11 (38), 23288\u201323300 (2021).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"3","key":"34559_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11030356","volume":"11","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, J., Guo, Y., Tan, J. & Hu, B. Polyoxometalate dicationic ionic liquids as catalyst for extractive coupled catalytic oxidative desulfurization. Catalysts 11 (3), 356 (2021).","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"34559_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2014.06.028","volume":"22","author":"MA Rezvani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rezvani, M. A. & Zonoz, F. M. An organic\u2013inorganic hybrid compound constructed by polytungsto-vanadosilicate and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium as an efficient catalyst for demercaptanization of crude oil. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 22, 83\u201391 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"34559_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5882","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.5882","volume":"34","author":"MA Rezvani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rezvani, M. A., Hadi, M. & Mirsadri, S. A. Synthesis of new nanocomposite based on nanoceramic and mono substituted polyoxometalate, PMo11Cd@MnFe2O4, with superior catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization of real fuel. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 34 (10), e5882 (2020).","journal-title":"Appl. Organomet. Chem."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-34559-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-34559-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-34559-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:04:29Z","timestamp":1769771069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-34559-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["34559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-34559-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4263"}}