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This pre-post, open-label, non-randomized pilot study explores Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), a potent antioxidant and neuronal plasticity modulator, as a therapeutic intervention for FASD improvement. In a 12-month pilot study, patients with 40 FASD (mean age 10\u2009\u00b1\u20093 years) received 9\u00a0mg\/kg\/day of EGCG, with outcomes assessed through RNA sequencing and neurocognitive evaluations (WISC-IV, CBCL 6\u201318, and NEPSY-II). Reduced levels of oxidative stress were observed after 6 and 12 months of treatment with EGCG. Significant neurocognitive improvements were shown after one year of treatment in Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) and Working Memory Index (WMI) using the WISC-IV test. CBCL test revealed an improvement in aggressive behavior scores after EGCG treatment. NEPSY-II assessment showed improvements in face memory and delayed face memory. Interestingly, no significant improvements were observed in intelligence quotient, attention, anxiety, or depression, which affect a proportion of individuals diagnosed with FASD. Additionally, EGCG modulates molecular pathways associated with neuroinflammation, immune response, and neurogenesis. This study highlights EGCG as a potential therapeutic candidate to ameliorate cognitive and behavioral deficits in children affected by FASD, revealing potential pathways and biomarkers that contribute to these improvements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    NCT02558933 (registered 22 September 2015).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34576-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T05:19:38Z","timestamp":1767417578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cognitive and transcriptomic effects of Epigallocatechin gallate in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Ramos-Triguero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Astals-Vizcaino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Navarro-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melina","family":"Vieiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Bastons-Compta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Andreu-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Garc\u00eda-Algar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"34576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.12.018","volume":"225","author":"S Clave","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clave, S., Joya, X., Salat-Batlle, J. & Garcia-Algar, O. 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