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We previously reported that\n                    <jats:italic>Il-17a<\/jats:italic>\n                    -knockout mice had dramatically improved survival after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induce IL-17A, which causes harm in some diseases, but this pathway is poorly understood in sepsis. We found that knockout of\n                    <jats:italic>Pad4<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4), an enzyme essential for NET formation, improved survival and AKI, and suppressed neutrophil infiltration into remote organs, involving a peritoneal IL-17A\/distant organ CXCL-1\/CXCL-2 pathway after CLP. NETs were detected in the peritoneal cavity, and not in plasma or distant organs. Adoptive transfer of peritoneal WT neutrophils restored the IL-17A\/CXCL-1\/CXCL-2 pathway in\n                    <jats:italic>Pad4<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice, leading to neutrophil infiltration and damage to remote organs. These results revealed a pathway from peritoneal NET formation to remote organ injury\/inflammation via production of IL-17A at the infectious site and distant organ CXCL-1\/CXCL-2. While NETs promoted intraperitoneal IL-17A production, we also showed that conversely, peritoneal IL-17A or CXCL-1\/CXCL-2 promoted intraperitoneal NET formation after CLP. This peritoneal vicious cycle that includes NET formation, IL-17A, CXCL-1\/CXCL-2 that may amplify sepsis-associated organ injury. Breaking this vicious cycle by inhibiting NET formation and\/or IL-17A might be a promising therapeutic target for sepsis treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34770-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T02:25:16Z","timestamp":1769480716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Peritoneal neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to septic AKI via peritoneal IL-17A and distant organ CXCL-1\/ CXCL-2 pathway in abdominal sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Naito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hayase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuzhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S. 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