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Host-switching and recombination drive the diversification of\n                    <jats:italic>Picornavirales<\/jats:italic>\n                    worldwide.\n                    <jats:italic>Picornaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Caliciviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (families within\n                    <jats:italic>Picornavirales<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) have been described in bats across mainland Africa, but surveillance for these viruses has been rare in the Southwest Indian Ocean Islands. Prior work in Madagascar has described numerous bat viruses, some with zoonotic potential, that demonstrate both high identity to and extreme divergence from viruses found in sister bat species in Africa. Using metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing of urine and fecal samples obtained from three species of endemic Malagasy fruit bats (\n                    <jats:italic>Eidolon dupreanum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus rufus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Rousettus madagascariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), we identify and describe 13 full-length and 38 partial-length genomic sequences within the\n                    <jats:italic>Picornaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Caliciviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    families (36 picornavirus and 15\n                    <jats:italic>Sapovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences). We find evidence that host-switching between Madagascar and mainland African bat picornaviruses and sapoviruses, followed by host-parasite co-speciation, likely shaped the diversification pattens of these novel sequences, with little evidence for cross-species transmission among Malagasy bat species in close contact.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34969-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T18:45:22Z","timestamp":1769193922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-speciation and host-switching drives diversity of picornaviruses and sapoviruses in Malagasy fruit bats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gwenddolen","family":"Kettenburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafaliana C.","family":"Ranaivoson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Andrianiaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santino","family":"Andry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy R.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Laboune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Longtine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sucheta","family":"Godbole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Horigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily Cornelius","family":"Ruhs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vololoniaina","family":"Raharinosy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsiry Hasina","family":"Randriambolamanantsoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Lacoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Heraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Dussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Douek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara E.","family":"Brook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"34969_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0041-x","volume":"153","author":"O Le Gall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Le Gall, O. et al. 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