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In this crossover-designed study, a group of six women and six men, 26\u2009\u00b1\u20095 years old, 176\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u00a0cm tall, weighing 75\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u00a0kg, and a BMI of 23\u2009\u00b1\u20092 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>\n                    had an ice bath (8\u201312\u00a0\u00b0C for 5\u00a0min) both in the morning and evening on separate days. Absence from intense physical exercise, nutrient intake and meal order was standardized in the 24\u00a0h prior the ice baths to account for confounders such as diet or exercise. We collected venous blood samples before and after (5\u00a0min and 30\u00a0min) the ice baths to measure hormones (noradrenaline, adrenaline, and cortisol) and lipid levels in plasma via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry shotgun lipidomics. We found that ice baths in the morning increase plasma fatty acids more than in the evening. Overall plasma lipid composition significantly differed in-between the morning and evening, and only in the morning ice bathing is accompanied by significantly increased plasma fatty acids from 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2% to 6.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4% (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.029) 5\u00a0min after and to 6.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1%\n                    <jats:italic>(<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008) 30\u00a0min after. Noradrenaline was not affected by time-of-day and increased significantly immediately after the ice baths in the morning by 127\u2009\u00b1\u20092% (pre: 395\u2009\u00b1\u2009158 pg\/ml, post 5\u00a0min: 896\u2009\u00b1\u2009562 pg\/ml,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.025) and in the evening by 144\u2009\u00b1\u20092% (pre: 385\u2009\u00b1\u2009146 pg\/ml, post 5\u00a0min: 937\u2009\u00b1\u2009547 pg\/ml,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.015). Cortisol was generally higher in the morning than in the evening (pre: 179\u2009\u00b1\u2009108 pg\/ml versus 91\u2009\u00b1\u200959 pg\/ml,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013; post 5\u00a0min: 222\u2009\u00b1\u200996 pg\/ml versus 101\u2009\u00b1\u200952 pg\/ml,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001; post 30\u00a0min: 190\u2009\u00b1\u200996 pg\/ml versus 98\u2009\u00b1\u200954 pg\/ml,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009). There was no difference in the hormonal and lipidome response to an ice bath between women and men. The main finding of the study was that noradrenaline, adrenaline, cortisol and plasma lipidome responses are similar after an ice bath in the morning and evening. However, ice baths in the morning increase plasma fatty acids more than in the evening.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85304-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T02:22:23Z","timestamp":1736302943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of time-of-day on the noradrenaline, adrenaline, cortisol and blood lipidome response to an ice bath"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Braunsperger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaima Ben","family":"Brahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Seep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Tischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Peitzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hasenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sieglinde Hechenbichler","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Worthmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Heeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Dyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Soriano-Arroquia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sch\u00f6nfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Wackerhage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"85304_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.030","volume":"187","author":"ARP Verkerke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Verkerke, A. 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