{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T00:19:10Z","timestamp":1793924350939,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85472-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T02:05:52Z","timestamp":1765159552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Post activation potentiation effect of different preloading protocols on sprint performance"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3932-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyfullah","family":"Celik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6365-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamze","family":"Erikoglu Orer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"85472_CR1","first-page":"357","volume":"41","author":"AD Faigenbaum","year":"2006","unstructured":"Faigenbaum, A. D. et al. Dynamic warm-up protocols, with and without a weighted vest, and fitness performance in high school female athletes. J. Athl. Train. 41, 357 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"85472_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.10.014","volume":"78","author":"JP Loenneke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loenneke, J. P., Fahs, C. A., Rossow, L. M., Abe, T. & Bemben, M. G. The anabolic benefits of venous blood flow restriction training may be induced by muscle cell swelling. Med. Hypotheses. 78, 151\u2013154 (2012).","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"85472_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.07.029","volume":"77","author":"JP Loenneke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loenneke, J. P., Fahs, C. A., Wilson, J. M. & Bemben, M. G. Blood flow restriction: the metabolite\/volume threshold theory. Med. Hypotheses. 77, 748\u2013752 (2011).","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"85472_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3806\/ijktr.1.1","volume":"1","author":"Y Sato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sato, Y. The history and future of KAATSU training. Int. J. KAATSU Train. Res. 1, 1\u20135 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. KAATSU Train. Res."},{"key":"85472_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E126","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25626","volume":"56","author":"D Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim, D. et al. Low-load resistance training with low relative pressure produces muscular changes similar to high-load resistance training. Muscle Nerve. 56, E126\u2013E133 (2017).","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"85472_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0795-y","volume":"48","author":"ME Lixandr\u00e3o","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lixandr\u00e3o, M. E. et al. Magnitude of muscle strength and mass adaptations between high-load resistance training versus low-load resistance training associated with blood flow restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 48, 361\u2013378 (2018).","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"85472_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e3181a5a352","volume":"31","author":"JP Loenneke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loenneke, J. P. & Pujol, T. J. The use of occlusion training to produce muscle hypertrophy. Strength. Conditioning J. 31, 77\u201384 (2009).","journal-title":"Strength. Conditioning J."},{"key":"85472_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3806\/ijktr.2.5","volume":"2","author":"T Nakajima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakajima, T. et al. Use and safety of KAATSU training: results of a national survey. Int. J. KAATSU Train. Res. 2, 5\u201313 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. KAATSU Train. Res."},{"key":"85472_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0264-9","volume":"45","author":"SJ Pearson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pearson, S. J. & Hussain, S. R. A review on the mechanisms of blood-flow restriction resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy. Sports Med. 45, 187\u2013200 (2015).","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"85472_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31823f2b0e","volume":"26","author":"T Yamanaka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamanaka, T., Farley, R. S. & Caputo, J. L. Occlusion training increases muscular strength in Division IA football players. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 26, 2523\u20132529 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2022.03.004","volume":"20","author":"C Castilla-L\u00f3pez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Castilla-L\u00f3pez, C., Molina-Mula, J. & Romero-Franco, N. Blood flow restriction during training for improving the aerobic capacity and sport performance of trained athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 20, 190\u2013197 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Sci. Fit."},{"key":"85472_CR12","first-page":"66","volume":"17","author":"SB Cook","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cook, S. B., Scott, B. R., Hayes, K. L. & Murphy, B. G. Neuromuscular adaptations to low-load blood flow restricted resistance training. J. Sports Sci. Med. 17, 66\u201373 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"85472_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20200175","volume":"15","author":"MF Formiga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Formiga, M. F. et al. Effect of aerobic exercise training with and without blood flow restriction on aerobic capacity in healthy young adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int. J. Sports Phys. Therapy. 15, 175 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Therapy"},{"key":"85472_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097071","volume":"51","author":"L Hughes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hughes, L., Paton, B., Rosenblatt, B., Gissane, C. & Patterson, S. D. Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Sports Med. 51, 1003\u20131011 (2017).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"85472_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01448","volume":"9","author":"MB Jessee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jessee, M. B. et al. Muscle adaptations to high-load training and very low-load training with and without blood flow restriction. Front. Physiol. 9, 1448 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3745-3","volume":"117","author":"CD Paton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paton, C. D., Addis, S. M. & Taylor, L. A. The effects of muscle blood flow restriction during running training on measures of aerobic capacity and run time to exhaustion. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 117, 2579\u20132585 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0288-1","volume":"45","author":"BR Scott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scott, B. R., Loenneke, J. P., Slattery, K. M. & Dascombe, B. J. Exercise with blood flow restriction: an updated evidence-based approach for enhanced muscular development. Sports Med. 45, 313\u2013325 (2015).","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"85472_CR18","first-page":"234","volume":"6","author":"D Lorenz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lorenz, D. Postactivation potentiation: an introduction. Int. J. Sports Phys. Therapy. 6, 234\u2013240 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Therapy"},{"key":"85472_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12626","volume":"27","author":"K Thomas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas, K., West, D. J., Howatson, G. & Goodall, S. Heavy-resistance exercise-induced increases in jump performance are not explained by changes in neuromuscular function. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 27, 35\u201344 (2017).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"85472_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00614","volume":"10","author":"S Amani-Shalamzari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amani-Shalamzari, S. et al. Blood flow restriction during futsal training increases muscle activation and strength. Front. Physiol. 10, 614 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2020-0334","volume":"30","author":"M Burkhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burkhardt, M., Burkholder, E. & Goetschius, J. Effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activation during dynamic balance exercises in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J. Sport Rehabilitation. 30, 870\u2013875 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabilitation"},{"key":"85472_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003313","volume":"35","author":"YT Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, Y. T., Hsieh, Y. Y., Ho, J. Y. & Lin, J. C. Effects of running exercise combined with blood flow restriction on strength and sprint performance. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 35, 3090\u20133096 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0416","volume":"29","author":"B Killinger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Killinger, B., Lauver, J. D., Donovan, L. & Goetschius, J. The effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activation and hypoxia in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J. Sport Rehabilitation. 29, 633\u2013639 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabilitation"},{"key":"85472_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11954","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191911954","volume":"19","author":"H Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian, H. et al. Can blood flow restriction training benefit post-activation potentiation? A systematic review of controlled trials. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 19, 11954 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"85472_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04308-6","volume":"120","author":"K Doma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doma, K., Leicht, A. S., Boullosa, D. & Woods, C. T. Lunge exercises with blood-flow restriction induces post-activation potentiation and improves vertical jump performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 120, 687\u2013695 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002110","volume":"32","author":"RM Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller, R. M. et al. Effects of blood-flow restriction combined with postactivation potentiation stimuli on jump performance in recreationally active men. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 32, 1869\u20131874 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113752","volume":"17","author":"M Wilk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilk, M. et al. Does post-activation performance enhancement occur during the bench press exercise under blood flow restriction? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17, 3752 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"85472_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01489.x","volume":"24","author":"T Yasuda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yasuda, T. et al. Effects of low-intensity, elastic band resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction on muscle activation. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 24, 55\u201361 (2014).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"85472_CR29","first-page":"51","volume":"8","author":"O Armaneri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Armaneri, O. & Armaneri, S. Application of cross-design in clinical research. Dokuz Eylul Univ. Fac. Eng. J. Sci. Eng. 8, 51\u201364 (2006).","journal-title":"Dokuz Eylul Univ. Fac. Eng. J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"85472_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e72466","volume":"24","author":"WP Ebben","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ebben, W. P. & Petushek, E. J. Using the reactive strength index modified to evaluate plyometric performance. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 24, 1983\u20131987 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47206\/ijsc.v2i1.104","volume":"2","author":"TE Bright","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bright, T. E., Hughes, J., Handford, M. J., Anniss, B. & Westwood, C. S. The acute effects of weighted vest protocols on 20-metre sprint performance in youth soccer players. Int. J. Strength. Conditioning. 2, 1\u201310 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Strength. Conditioning"},{"key":"85472_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000647","volume":"29","author":"AP Turner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turner, A. P., Bellhouse, S., Kilduff, L. & Russell, M. Postactivation potentiation of sprint acceleration performance using plyometric exercise. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 29, 343\u2013350 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678407","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.678407","volume":"12","author":"MS Cerqueira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cerqueira, M. S., Costa, E. C., Santos Oliveira, R., Pereira, R. & Brito Vieira, W. H. Blood flow restriction training: to adjust or not adjust the cuff pressure over an intervention period. Front. Physiol. 12, 678407 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00656","volume":"10","author":"T Kambi\u010d","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kambi\u010d, T., Novakovi\u0107, M., Toma\u017ein, K., Strojnik, V. & Jug, B. Blood flow restriction resistance exercise improves muscle strength and hemodynamics, but not vascular function in coronary artery disease patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Front. Physiol. 10, 656 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002665","volume":"34","author":"GC Laurentino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laurentino, G. C. et al. Validity of the handheld doppler to determine lower-limb blood flow restriction pressure for exercise protocols. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 34, 2693\u20132696 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3253-2","volume":"115","author":"ME Lixandr\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lixandr\u00e3o, M. E. et al. Effects of exercise intensity and occlusion pressure after 12 weeks of resistance training with blood-flow restriction. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 115, 2471\u20132480 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13676","volume":"30","author":"MJ Clarkson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clarkson, M. J., May, A. K. & Warmington, S. A. Is there rationale for the cuff pressures prescribed for blood flow restriction exercise? A systematic review. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 30, 1318\u20131336 (2020).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"85472_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1840734","volume":"39","author":"J Murray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murray, J., Bennett, H., Boyle, T., Williams, M. & Davison, K. Approaches to determining occlusion pressure for blood flow restricted exercise training: systematic review. J. Sports Sci. 39, 663\u2013672 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"85472_CR39","first-page":"34","volume":"33","author":"T Abe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abe, T. et al. Effects of low-intensity walk training with restricted leg blood flow on muscle strength and aerobic capacity in older adults. J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther. 33, 34\u201340 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"85472_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12330","volume":"37","author":"AT de Bezerra","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Bezerra, A. T., Santos Cerqueira, M., Sales, M. & Rocha, R. Galv\u00e3o De Moura Filho, A. Upper limbs total occlusion pressure assessment: doppler ultrasound reproducibility and determination of predictive variables. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging. 37, 437\u2013441 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging"},{"key":"85472_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-3030-7","volume":"115","author":"JP Loenneke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loenneke, J. P. et al. Blood flow restriction in the upper and lower limbs is predicted by limb circumference and systolic blood pressure. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 115, 397\u2013405 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR42","first-page":"893","volume":"19","author":"JM McBride","year":"2005","unstructured":"McBride, J. M., Nimphius, S. & Erickson, T. M. The acute effects of heavy-load squats and loaded countermovement jumps on sprint performance. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 19, 893\u2013897 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0415-7","volume":"46","author":"LB Seitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seitz, L. B. & Haff, G. G. Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med. 46, 231\u2013240 (2016).","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"85472_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015808","volume":"40","author":"CJ Ferguson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferguson, C. J. An effect size primer: a guide for clinicians and researchers. Prof. Psychology: Res. Pract. 40, 532\u2013538 (2009).","journal-title":"Prof. Psychology: Res. Pract."},{"key":"85472_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","volume":"41","author":"W Hopkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hopkins, W., Marshall, S., Batterham, A. & Hanin, J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 41, 3 (2009).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"85472_CR46","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"S Ulupinar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ulupinar, S. & Ince, I. Effect size and alternative statistical approaches in sports sciences. Spormetre J. Phys. Educ. Sports Sci. 19, 1\u201317 (2021).","journal-title":"Spormetre J. Phys. Educ. Sports Sci."},{"key":"85472_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2018.10.003","volume":"41","author":"O Isik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isik, O. & Dogan, I. Effects of bilateral or unilateral lower body resistance exercises on markers of skeletal muscle damage. Biomedical J. 41, 364\u2013368 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomedical J."},{"key":"85472_CR48","first-page":"513","volume":"12","author":"O Isik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Isik, O., Ersoz, Y., Pazan, M. & Ocak, Y. The effect of motivational music on Wingate anaerobic test performance. J. Hum. Sci. 12, 513\u2013520 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Sci."},{"key":"85472_CR49","first-page":"1278","volume":"21","author":"DE Chatzopoulos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chatzopoulos, D. E. et al. Postactivation potentiation effects after heavy resistance exercise on running speed. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 21, 1278\u20131281 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b3f269","volume":"23","author":"HR Bevan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bevan, H. R., Owen, N. J., Cunningham, D. J., Kingsley, M. I. & Kilduff, L. P. Complex training in professional rugby players: influence of recovery time on upper-body power output. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 23, 1780\u20131785 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c7b68a","volume":"24","author":"HR Bevan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bevan, H. R. et al. Influence of postactivation potentiation on sprinting performance in professional rugby players. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 24, 701\u2013705 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c7c3fc","volume":"24","author":"TM Comyns","year":"2010","unstructured":"Comyns, T. M., Harrison, A. J. & Hennessy, L. K. Effect of squatting on sprinting performance and repeated exposure to complex training in male rugby players. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 24, 610\u2013618 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e3181f412c4","volume":"32","author":"C DeRenne","year":"2010","unstructured":"DeRenne, C. Effects of postactivation potentiation warm-up in male and female sport performances: a brief review. Strength. Conditioning J. 32, 58\u201364 (2010).","journal-title":"Strength. Conditioning J."},{"key":"85472_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318215f560","volume":"25","author":"BT Crewther","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crewther, B. T. et al. The acute potentiating effects of back squats on athlete performance. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 25, 3319\u20133325 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31825bb582","volume":"27","author":"NM Okuno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Okuno, N. M. et al. Postactivation potentiation on repeated-sprint ability in elite handball players. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 27, 662\u2013668 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0358","volume":"9","author":"LB Seitz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seitz, L. B., Trajano, G. S. & Haff, G. G. The back squat and the power clean: elicitation of different degrees of potentiation. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 9, 643\u2013649 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"85472_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182a0d8c1","volume":"28","author":"PJ Byrne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Byrne, P. J., Kenny, J. & O\u2019Rourke, B. Acute potentiating effect of depth jumps on sprint performance. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 28, 610\u2013615 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000728","volume":"29","author":"TK Evetovich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Evetovich, T. K., Conley, D. S. & McCawley, P. F. Postactivation potentiation enhances upper- and lower-body athletic performance in collegiate male and female athletes. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 29, 336\u2013342 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2017-0131","volume":"61","author":"J Sanchez-Sanchez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanchez-Sanchez, J. et al. Effects of different post-activation potentiation warm-ups on repeated sprint ability in soccer players from different competitive levels. J. Hum. Kinetics. 61, 189 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinetics"},{"key":"85472_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002720","volume":"34","author":"PJ Byrne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Byrne, P. J., Moody, J. A., Cooper, S. M., Callanan, D. & Kinsella, S. Potentiating response to drop-jump protocols on sprint acceleration: Drop-jump volume and intrarepetition recovery duration. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 34, 717\u2013727 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2020.96316","volume":"37","author":"L Carbone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carbone, L. et al. Effects of heavy barbell hip thrust vs back squat on subsequent sprint performance in rugby players. Biology Sport. 37, 325\u2013331 (2020).","journal-title":"Biology Sport"},{"key":"85472_CR62","first-page":"34","volume":"7","author":"K Kopp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kopp, K. & DeBeliso, M. Post-activation potentiation of a back squat to Romanian deadlift superset on vertical jump and sprint time. Int. J. Sports Sci. 7, 34\u201336 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"85472_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0350","volume":"15","author":"D Boullosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boullosa, D. et al. A new taxonomy for postactivation potentiation in sport. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 15, 1197\u20131200 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"85472_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.738924","volume":"1","author":"AL Gouv\u00eaa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gouv\u00eaa, A. L., Fernandes, I. A., C\u00e9sar, E. P., Silva, W. A. B. & Gomes, P. S. C. The effects of rest intervals on jumping performance: a meta-analysis on postactivation potentiation studies. J. Sports Sci. 1, 459\u2013467 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"85472_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.6.2131","volume":"88","author":"T Hamada","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hamada, T., Sale, D. G., MacDougall, J. D. & Tarnopolsky, M. A. Postactivation potentiation, fiber type, and twitch contraction time in human knee extensor muscles. J. Appl. Physiol. 88, 2131\u20132137 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31825c2bdb","volume":"27","author":"JM Wilson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilson, J. M. et al. Meta-analysis of postactivation potentiation and power: effects of conditioning activity, volume, gender, rest periods, and training status. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 27, 854\u2013859 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2020-0017","volume":"74","author":"M Krzysztofik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krzysztofik, M. & Wilk, M. The effects of plyometric conditioning on post-activation bench press performance. J. Hum. Kinetics. 74, 99 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinetics"},{"key":"85472_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072554","volume":"17","author":"M Krzysztofik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krzysztofik, M. et al. Can post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) improve resistance training volume during the bench press exercise? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17, 2554 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"85472_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002456","volume":"33","author":"RC Blagrove","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blagrove, R. C., Howatson, G. & Hayes, P. R. Use of loaded conditioning activities to potentiate middle-and long-distance performance: a narrative review and practical applications. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 33, 2288\u20132297 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0374-4","volume":"456","author":"BR MacIntosh","year":"2008","unstructured":"MacIntosh, B. R., Taub, E. C., Dormer, G. N. & Tomaras, E. K. Potentiation of isometric and isotonic contractions during high-frequency stimulation. Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv-European J. Physiol. 456, 449\u2013458 (2008).","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv-European J. Physiol."},{"key":"85472_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31827de6f1","volume":"27","author":"DJ West","year":"2013","unstructured":"West, D. J., Cunningham, D. J., Crewther, B. T., Cook, C. J. & Kilduff, L. P. Influence of ballistic bench press on upper body power output in professional rugby players. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 27, 2282\u20132287 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."},{"key":"85472_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2.4.439","volume":"2","author":"D Docherty","year":"2007","unstructured":"Docherty, D. & Hodgson, M. J. The application of postactivation potentiation to elite sport. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2, 439\u2013444 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"85472_CR73","first-page":"539","volume":"13","author":"AD Piper","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piper, A. D., Joubert, D. P., Jones, E. J. & Whitehead, M. T. Comparison of post-activation potentiating stimuli on jump and sprint performance. Int. J. Exerc. Sci. 13, 539 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"85472_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1249\/FIT.0000000000000693","volume":"25","author":"MT Whipple","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whipple, M. T., Erickson, R. A., Donnenwerth, J. J. & Peterson, A. R. Blood flow restriction in exercise and rehabilitation. ACSM\u2019s Health Fit. J. 25, 6\u20139 (2021).","journal-title":"ACSM\u2019s Health Fit. J."},{"key":"85472_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-021-00239-7","volume":"13","author":"B Lauber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lauber, B., K\u00f6nig, D., Gollhofer, A. & Centner, C. Isometric blood flow restriction exercise: Acute physiological and neuromuscular responses. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabilitation. 13, 1\u20139 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabilitation"},{"key":"85472_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003497","volume":"34","author":"CJ Cleary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cleary, C. J. & Cook, S. B. Postactivation potentiation in blood flow\u2013restricted complex training. J. Strength. Conditioning Res. 34, 905\u2013910 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Conditioning Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-85472-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-85472-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-85472-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:04:37Z","timestamp":1765368277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-85472-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["85472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-85472-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5224740\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"43498"}}