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Exercise training, especially High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) increases mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a period of HIIT with and without HFD consumption on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc1-\u03b1), Mitofusins-2 (Mfn2), Optic atrophy-1 (Opa1), Dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial Fission protein-1 (Fis1) genes as indicators of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics function in the soleus muscle of male Wistar rats. Twenty-four healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Control, (2) Control\u2009+\u2009HIIT, (3) HFD, and (4) HFD\u2009+\u2009HIIT. The HIIT training protocol lasted for 10 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. The Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR method was used to investigate the gene expression. One-way ANOVA and Fisher\u2019s post-hoc analyses were used to examine group differences. HFD consumption caused an increase in weight (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), the expression of Drp1 and Fis1 genes (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and a decreased expression of Pgc1-\u03b1, Mfn2, and Opa1 genes (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). HIIT training increased the expression of PGC1-\u03b1 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009), Mfn2 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.004), and Opa1 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.011) genes, while it decreased the expression of Drp1 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003) and Fis1 genes (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.027). These findings suggest that HIIT can counteract the negative effects of HFD on mitochondrial function by modulating gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86767-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T23:32:42Z","timestamp":1739489562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High intensity interval training alters gene expression linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in high fat diet fed rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3461-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jahangiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Shahrbanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Gharakhanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"86767_CR1","unstructured":"W. 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