{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:57:15Z","timestamp":1778828235033,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009934","name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in responding to daily stressors. While intrapersonal emotion regulation has received significant attention, the role of interpersonal emotion regulation remains understudied. This study aimed to explore the associations between intrapersonal perseverative cognition (i.e., rumination and worry) and interpersonal perseverative cognition (i.e., co-rumination), in the context of daily negative events. A daily diary study was conducted with a sample of university students (N\u2009=\u2009178). The study comprised a baseline survey assessing trait-level variables, followed by a diary study where participants were sent an approximately two-minute-long survey every evening for 10 consecutive days. The findings indicated that daily co-rumination was associated with daily intrapersonal perseverative cognition, even when controlling for trait-level worry. The association between intra- and interpersonal perseverative cognition was stronger in the presence of daily negative events. Our findings indicate a need for further investigation into the contemporaneous relationship between co-rumination and intrapersonal rumination\/worry, to ascertain their unique or joint adverse effects on mental health, especially within the context of daily negative events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87335-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T03:13:04Z","timestamp":1737688384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The daily relations of co-rumination and perseverative cognition"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lilla N\u00f3ra","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Kocsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Smahajcsik-Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szilvia","family":"Karsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6750-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gy\u00f6ngyi","family":"K\u00f6k\u00f6nyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"87335_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gross, J. J. Vol. 2, 271\u2013299 (Review of General Psychology, 1998).","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1089-2680.2.3.271"},{"key":"87335_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033839","volume":"13","author":"J Zaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zaki, J. & Williams, W. C. Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion 13, 803\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033839 (2013).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"87335_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004","volume":"30","author":"A Aldao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S. & Schweizer, S. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 30, 217\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"87335_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104747","author":"T Boemo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boemo, T., Nieto, I., Vazquez, C. & Sanchez-Lopez, A. Relations between emotion regulation strategies and affect in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessments. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104747 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"87335_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12419","volume":"15","author":"AJ Rose","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rose, A. J. The costs and benefits of co-rumination. Child Dev. Perspect. 15, 176\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdep.12419 (2021).","journal-title":"Child Dev. Perspect."},{"key":"87335_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","volume":"100","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nolen-Hoeksema, S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 100, 569\u2013582 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579416000638","volume":"28","author":"A Aldao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aldao, A., Gee, D. G., De LosReyes, A. & Seager, I. Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions. Dev. Psychopathol. 28, 927\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579416000638 (2016).","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"87335_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00509","volume":"73","author":"AJ Rose","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rose, A. J. Co-rumination in the friendships of girls and boys. Child Dev. 73, 1830\u20131843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00509 (2002).","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"87335_CR9","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Worrying: Perspectives on Theory, Assessment and Treatment. Wiley Series in Clinical Psychology","author":"TD Borkovec","year":"1994","unstructured":"Borkovec, T. D. Worrying: Perspectives on Theory, Assessment and Treatment. Wiley Series in Clinical Psychology 5\u201333 (Wiley, 1994)."},{"key":"87335_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014517718949","volume":"26","author":"DM Fresco","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fresco, D. M., Frankel, A. N., Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L. & Heimberg, R. G. Distinct and overlapping features of rumination and worry: The relationship of cognitive production to negative affective states. Cogn. Ther. Res. 26, 179\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1014517718949 (2002).","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"87335_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2020.1725012","volume":"19","author":"J Tutek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tutek, J., Gunn, H. E. & Lichstein, K. L. Worry and rumination have distinct associations with nighttime versus daytime sleep symptomology. Behav. Sleep Med. 19, 192\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2020.1725012 (2021).","journal-title":"Behav. Sleep Med."},{"key":"87335_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026221131309","volume":"11","author":"EC Stade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stade, E. C. & Ruscio, A. M. A meta-analysis of the relationship between worry and rumination. Clin. Psychol. Sci. 11, 552\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21677026221131309 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"87335_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.12.003","volume":"42","author":"T Ehring","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ehring, T. et al. The perseverative thinking questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 42, 225\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.12.003 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"87335_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.10.003","volume":"29","author":"JM Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith, J. M. & Alloy, L. B. A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 29, 116\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.10.003 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"87335_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.632346","volume":"41","author":"PE Jose","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jose, P. E., Wilkins, H. & Spendelow, J. S. Does social anxiety predict rumination and co-rumination among adolescents?. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 41, 86\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2012.632346 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2023","volume":"24","author":"JS Spendelow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spendelow, J. S., Simonds, L. M. & Avery, R. E. The relationship between co-rumination and internalizing problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 24, 512\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2023 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"87335_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2017.1372345","volume":"151","author":"AM Ames-Sikora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ames-Sikora, A. M., Donohue, M. R. & Tully, E. C. Nonlinear associations between co-rumination and both social support and depression symptoms. J. Psychol. Interdiscip. Appl. 151, 597\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223980.2017.1372345 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Interdiscip. Appl."},{"key":"87335_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.4.1019","volume":"43","author":"AJ Rose","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rose, A. J., Carlson, W. & Waller, E. M. Prospective associations of co-rumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Dev. Psychol. 43, 1019\u20131031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.43.4.1019 (2007).","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.08.024","volume":"31","author":"B Rim\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rim\u00e9, B., Bouchat, P., Paquot, L. & Giglio, L. Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social outcomes of the social sharing of emotion. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 31, 127\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.08.024 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.1880","volume":"42","author":"F Nils","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nils, F. & Rim\u00e9, B. Beyond the myth of venting: Social sharing modes determine the benefits of emotional disclosure. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 42, 672\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.1880 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0001151","volume":"23","author":"A Tudder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tudder, A., Wilkinson, M., Gresham, A. M. & Peters, B. J. The intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences of a new experimental manipulation of co-rumination. Emotion 23, 1190\u20131201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/emo0001151 (2023).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"87335_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2588","volume":"30","author":"PM Zoccola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zoccola, P. M., Rabideau, E. M., Figueroa, W. S. & Woody, A. Cardiovascular and affective consequences of ruminating on a performance stressor depend on mode of thought. Stress Health J. Int. Soc. Investig. Stress 30, 188\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.2588 (2014).","journal-title":"Stress Health J. Int. Soc. Investig. Stress"},{"key":"87335_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.009110","volume":"1","author":"B Verkuil","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verkuil, B., Brosschot, J. F., Gebhardt, W. A. & Thayer, J. F. When worries make you sick: A review of perseverative cognition, the default stress response and somatic health. J. Exp. Psychopathol. 1, 87\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5127\/jep.009110 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychopathol."},{"key":"87335_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074","volume":"60","author":"JF Brosschot","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W. & Thayer, J. F. The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. J. Psychosom. Res. 60, 113\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"87335_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037604","volume":"14","author":"K Brans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brans, K., Van Mechelen, I., Rim\u00e9, B. & Verduyn, P. To share, or not to share? Examining the emotional consequences of social sharing in the case of anger and sadness. Emotion 14, 1062\u20131071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0037604 (2014).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"87335_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-018-0937-z","volume":"48","author":"JW Felton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Felton, J. W., Cole, D. A., Havewala, M., Kurdziel, G. & Brown, V. Talking together, thinking alone: Relations among co-rumination, peer relationships, and rumination. J. Youth Adolesc. 48, 731\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-018-0937-z (2019).","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"87335_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.10.008","volume":"38","author":"LB Stone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stone, L. B. & Gibb, B. E. Brief report: Preliminary evidence that co-rumination fosters adolescents\u2019 depression risk by increasing rumination. J. Adolesc. 38, 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.10.008 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"87335_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028070","volume":"12","author":"JJ Genet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Genet, J. J. & Siemer, M. Rumination moderates the effects of daily events on negative mood: Results from a diary study. Emotion 12, 1329\u20131339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0028070 (2012).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"87335_CR29","unstructured":"Martin, L. L. & Tesser, A. in Advances in social cognition Vol. IX (ed R.S. Wyer) 1\u201347 (Erlbaum, 1996)."},{"key":"87335_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000745","volume":"131","author":"RN Groen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Groen, R. N. et al. Shared and individual-specific daily stress-reactivity in a cross-diagnostic at-risk sample. J. Psychopathol. Clin. Sci. 131, 221\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000745 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Clin. Sci."},{"key":"87335_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90178-0","volume":"23","author":"TD Borkovec","year":"1985","unstructured":"Borkovec, T. D. Worry: A potentially valuable concept. Behav. Res. Ther. 23, 481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90178-0 (1985).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"87335_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614566603","volume":"3","author":"K Kircanski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kircanski, K., Thompson, R. J., Sorenson, J. E., Sherdell, L. & Gotlib, I. H. Rumination and worry in daily life: Examining the naturalistic validity of theoretical constructs. Clin. Psychol. Sci. 3, 926\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167702614566603 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"87335_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2007.00510.x","volume":"63","author":"B Rim\u00e9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rim\u00e9, B. The social sharing of emotion as an interface between individual and collective processes in the construction of emotional climates. J. Soc. Issues 63, 307\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2007.00510.x (2007).","journal-title":"J. Soc. Issues"},{"key":"87335_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2019.38.7.704","volume":"38","author":"JT Aldrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aldrich, J. T., Lisitsa, E., Chun, S. K. & Mezulis, A. H. Examining the relationship between daily co-rumination and rumination in response to negative events among adolescents using ecological momentary assessment. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. 38, 704\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/jscp.2019.38.7.704 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12897","author":"LN Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs, L. N. et al. Associations between daily affective experiences, trait and daily rumination on negative and positive affect: A diary study. J. Pers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopy.12897 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"key":"87335_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1023910315561","volume":"27","author":"W Treynor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cogn. Ther. Res. 27, 247\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1023910315561 (2003).","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"87335_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2016.1235166","volume":"31","author":"G Kokonyei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kokonyei, G. et al. Rumination in migraine: Mediating effects of brooding and reflection between migraine and psychological distress. Psychol. Health 31, 1481\u20131497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870446.2016.1235166 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"87335_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110339","author":"LN Kovacs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kovacs, L. N., Schmelowszky, A., Galambos, A. & Kokonyei, G. Rumination mediates the relationship between personality organization and symptoms of borderline personality disorder and depression. Pers. Indiv. Diff. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110339 (2021).","journal-title":"Pers. Indiv. Diff."},{"key":"87335_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.724","volume":"18","author":"D Berle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berle, D. et al. Preliminary validation of an ultra-brief version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 18, 339\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.724 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"87335_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6","volume":"28","author":"TJ Meyer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L. & Borkovec, T. D. Development and validation of the Penn state worry questionnaire. Behav. Res. Ther. 28, 487\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6 (1990).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"87335_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2019.04.004","volume":"145","author":"N Kocsel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kocsel, N. et al. The association between perseverative cognition and resting heart rate variability: A focus on state ruminative thoughts. Biol. Psychol. 145, 124\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2019.04.004 (2019).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843x.117.2.314","volume":"117","author":"NJ Moberly","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moberly, N. J. & Watkins, E. R. Ruminative self-focus and negative affect: An experience sampling study. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 117, 314\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843x.117.2.314 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2017.1278679","volume":"32","author":"K Kircanski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kircanski, K., Thompson, R. J., Sorenson, J., Sherdell, L. & Gotlib, I. H. The everyday dynamics of rumination and worry: Precipitant events and affective consequences. Cogn. Emot. 32, 1424\u20131436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2017.1278679 (2018).","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"87335_CR44","unstructured":"Viechtbauer, W. esmpack: A Package to Facilitate Preparation and Management of ESM\/EMA Data [R]. https:\/\/github.com\/wviechtb\/esmpack (2022)."},{"key":"87335_CR45","unstructured":"Pinheiro, J., Bates, D. & Team, R. C. Nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1\u2013158. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=nlme (2022)."},{"key":"87335_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.02.004","volume":"45","author":"B Verkuil","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verkuil, B., Brosschot, J. F. & Thayer, J. F. Capturing worry in daily life: Are trait questionnaires sufficient?. Behav. Res. Ther. 45, 1835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2007.02.004 (2007).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"87335_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025418755540","volume":"43","author":"HK Lennarz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lennarz, H. K., Hollenstein, T., Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., Kuntsche, E. & Granic, I. Emotion regulation in action: Use, selection, and success of emotion regulation in adolescents\u2019 daily lives. Int. J. Behav. Dev. 43, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0165025418755540 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Dev."},{"key":"87335_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12672","volume":"32","author":"K De France","year":"2022","unstructured":"De France, K. & Hollenstein, T. Emotion regulation strategy use and success during adolescence: Assessing the role of context. J. Res. Adolesc. 32, 720\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jora.12672 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"87335_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.06.004","volume":"46","author":"NJ Moberly","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moberly, N. J. & Watkins, E. R. Ruminative self-focus, negative life events, and negative affect. Behav. Res. Ther. 46, 1034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2008.06.004 (2008).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"87335_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9563-x","volume":"40","author":"JRZ Abela","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abela, J. R. Z., Hankin, B. L., Sheshko, D. M., Fishman, M. B. & Stolow, D. Multi-wave prospective examination of the stress-reactivity extension of response styles theory of depression in high-risk children and early adolescents. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 40, 277\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-011-9563-x (2012).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035540","volume":"123","author":"ER Watkins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watkins, E. R. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. A habit-goal framework of depressive rumination. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 123, 24\u201334 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.4.801","volume":"77","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nolen-Hoeksema, S. & Davis, C. G. \u201cThanks for sharing that\u201d: Ruminators and their social support networks. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 77, 801\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.77.4.801 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-018-9647-9","volume":"40","author":"KL Dixon-Gordon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Haliczer, L. A., Conkey, L. C. & Whalen, D. J. Difficulties in interpersonal emotion regulation: Initial development and validation of a self-report measure. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 40, 528\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-018-9647-9 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"87335_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/hcre.12012","volume":"39","author":"T Afifi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Afifi, T., Afifi, W., Merrill, A. F., Denes, A. & Davis, S. \u201cYou need to stop talking about this!\u201d: Verbal rumination and the costs of social support. Hum. Commun. Res. 39, 395\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hcre.12012 (2013).","journal-title":"Hum. Commun. Res."},{"key":"87335_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"diGiovanni, A. M., Tudder, A. & Peters, B. J. Reconceptualizing co-rumination: A novel framework and multidisciplinary perspective. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/sgvx3.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/sgvx3"},{"key":"87335_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407514548393","volume":"32","author":"C Duprez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duprez, C., Christophe, V., Rim\u00e9, B., Congard, A. & Antoine, P. Motives for the social sharing of an emotional experience. J. Soc. Pers. Relat. 32, 757\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0265407514548393 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Soc. Pers. Relat."},{"key":"87335_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2015.34.5.436","volume":"34","author":"LR Starr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Starr, L. R. When support seeking backfires: Co-rumination, excessive reassurance seeking, and depressed mood in the daily lives of young adults. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. 34, 436\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/jscp.2015.34.5.436 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"87335_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868315586325","volume":"20","author":"M Tamir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tamir, M. Why do people regulate their emotions? A taxonomy of motives in emotion regulation. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 20, 199\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1088868315586325 (2016).","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"87335_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1159\/000519366","volume":"54","author":"RM Holm-Hadulla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Holm-Hadulla, R. M., Klimov, M., Juche, T., M\u00f6ltner, A. & Herpertz, S. C. Well-being and mental health of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychopathology 54, 291\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000519366 (2021).","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"87335_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.084","volume":"244","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Predictors of depressive symptoms in college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J. Affect. Disord. 244, 196\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.084 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"87335_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-022-01647-9","volume":"51","author":"AM DiGiovanni","year":"2022","unstructured":"DiGiovanni, A. M., Fagle, T., Vannucci, A., Ohannessian, C. M. & Bolger, N. Within-person changes in co-rumination and rumination in adolescence: Examining heterogeneity and the moderating roles of gender and time. J. Youth Adolesc. 51, 1958\u20131969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-022-01647-9 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"87335_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0001028","volume":"21","author":"AM DiGiovanni","year":"2021","unstructured":"DiGiovanni, A. M., Vannucci, A., Ohannessian, C. M. & Bolger, N. Modeling heterogeneity in the simultaneous emotional costs and social benefits of co-rumination. Emotion 21, 1470\u20131482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/emo0001028 (2021).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"87335_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.04.011","volume":"89","author":"AM Battaglini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Battaglini, A. M., Rnic, K., Tracy, A., Jopling, E. & LeMoult, J. Co-rumination across in-person and digital communication: Associations with affect and relationship closeness in adolescents. J. Adolesc. 89, 161\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.04.011 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"87335_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.12120","volume":"95","author":"KA Herzig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Herzig, K. A., Stewart, C. E. & Treadwell, K. R. H. Why worry with friends? Problem talk and anxiety in late adolescent friendships. J. Adolesc. 95, 382\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jad.12120 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-87335-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-87335-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-87335-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T03:13:13Z","timestamp":1737688393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-87335-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["87335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-87335-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Faculty of Education and Psychology (approval number: 2020\/203). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Participants were informed about the purpose of the research, expected duration, and procedures, and their right to refuse participation at any time. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all individual participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"3021"}}