{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:50:59Z","timestamp":1785415859114,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> ) is a common pathogen of humans and various animals. However, the phylogenetic position of animal <jats:italic>S. dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> isolates and their zoonotic potential remain unclear. Most molecular epidemiological studies explicate beta-hemolytic streptococci according to their MLST and M protein gene (<jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>) types. Although human <jats:italic>S. dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> isolates are relatively well characterized, the data concerning animal isolates are scarce. Here, we report the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>S. dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> strains recovered from sheep and their genetic relationship with isolates from other animal hosts and humans. Overall, 11 PFGE pulsotypes, five MLST sequence types (STs), and two <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic> types were distinguished, with ST248 and <jats:italic>stL1376<\/jats:italic> being the most prevalent, indicating genetic diversity among tested 17 ovine isolates. Some isolates exhibited resistance to doxycycline (59%), erythromycin (6%), ciprofloxacin (6%), and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (6%), harboring various resistance determinants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that studied ovine isolates grouped together with human <jats:italic>S. dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> isolates from the cases of zoonotic infections. Moreover, some ovine isolates shared identical STs and <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic> gene sequences with human non-invasive and invasive <jats:italic>S. dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic> strains. These findings suggest a possible link between human and ovine isolates and indicate the zoonotic potential of this pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87781-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T04:43:42Z","timestamp":1737780222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetic analysis reveals the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from sheep"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ilona","family":"Stefa\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Kwiecie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Didkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kizerwetter-\u015awida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Chrobak-Chmiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sa\u0142amaszy\u0144ska-Guz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"\u017bmuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Anusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Rzewuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"87781_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-48-4-1231","author":"VV Vieira","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vieira, V. V. et al. Genetic relationships among the different phenotypes of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-48-4-1231 (1998).","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"87781_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05900-1","author":"A Jensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jensen, A. & Kilian, M. Delineation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, its subspecies, and its clinical and phylogenetic relationship to Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Clin. Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.05900-1 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"87781_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baracco, G. J. Infections caused by group C and G Streptococcus (Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and others): epidemiological and clinical aspects. Microbiol. Spectr. 7, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0016-2018; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0016-2018 (2019).","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0016-2018 10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0016-2018"},{"key":"87781_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000052","author":"LG Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva, L. G. et al. Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in south-east Brazil: genetic diversity, resistance profile and the first report of human and equine isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence typing lineage. J. Med. Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.000052 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"87781_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02437-14","author":"S Jordal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jordal, S., Glambek, M., Oppegaard, O. & Kittang, B. R. New tricks from an old cow: infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp dysgalactiae. J. Clin. 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