{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:00:45Z","timestamp":1792036845038,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007950","name":"Tanta University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Anemia in pediatrics is often associated with chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). It can worsen the disease prognosis and affect quality of life. Injectable dosage forms are predominantly used in its treatment with various side effects. This randomized and parallel clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral lactoferrin with intravenous (IV) iron dextran in managing anemia resulted from CKD in pediatrics. The study involved 60 children diagnosed with CKD-related anemia who were allocated into two separate groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 pediatric patients who received 100 mg of oral lactoferrin daily for a period of 3 months. Group 2 included 30 pediatric patients who were given IV iron dextran at a dosage of 50 mg three times weekly for 3 months. Both treatments are effective in treating CKD-induced anemia in pediatrics; however, oral lactoferrin demonstrated superior efficacy as there was a significant change within that group in levels of Hb, RBCs, MCH, iron, RDW-SD, MCHC, IL-6, and GDF-15 before and after treatment. In contrast, IV iron dextran showed significant changes within its group in iron, GFR, IL-6, GDF-15, and RDW-SD. After 3 months of treatment, no significant differences were observed between the two groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88506-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T13:11:29Z","timestamp":1738761089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oral lactoferrin as a treatment of pediatrics\u2019 anemia resulted from chronic kidney diseases: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sahar Kamal","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai Salah El-Din","family":"Koura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Shokry","family":"Elharoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"88506_CR1","unstructured":"Vaidya, S. R., & Aeddula, N. R. Chronic kidney disease. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK535404\/ (2024)."},{"key":"88506_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04569-5","volume":"35","author":"J Carlson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carlson, J. et al. A longitudinal analysis of the effect of anemia on health-related quality of life in children with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease. Pediatr. Nephrol. 35, 1659\u20131667 (2020).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"88506_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05515-3","volume":"37","author":"R Khalid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalid, R. et al. Association between socioeconomic status and academic performance in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr. Nephrol. 37, 3195\u20133204 (2022).","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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Springer eBooks. 19\u201333, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-14521-6_2 (2022).","journal-title":"Springer eBooks."},{"issue":"09","key":"88506_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4236\/jbm.2020.89003","volume":"8","author":"M Maladkar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maladkar, M., Sankar, S. & Yadav, A. A novel approach for iron deficiency anaemia with liposomal iron: Concept to clinic. JBM. 8(09), 27 (2020).","journal-title":"JBM."},{"key":"88506_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"114","author":"C Delrue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Delrue, C., Speeckaert, R., Delanghe, J. R. & Speeckaert, M. M. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in kidney diseases. Adv. Chem. 114, 1\u201346 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"88506_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-023-01505-9","volume":"49","author":"NM Farag","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farag, N. M., Mousa, M., Elsayed, E. & Ismeil, A. GDF-15 and hepcidin as a therapeutic target for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Ital. J. Pediatr. 49(1), 106 (2023).","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"22","key":"88506_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6016","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1895063","volume":"62","author":"M Sienkiewicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sienkiewicz, M., Ja\u015bkiewicz, A., Tarasiuk, A. & Fichna, J. Lactoferrin: An overview of its main functions, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial role, and clinical significance. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 62(22), 6016\u20136033 (2021).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"88506_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02136-2","volume":"92","author":"D El Amrousy","year":"2022","unstructured":"El Amrousy, D. et al. Lactoferrin for iron-deficiency anemia in children with inflammatory bowel disease: A clinical trial. Pediatr. Res. 92, 762\u2013766 (2022).","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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Comparative effects between oral lactoferrin and ferrous sulfate supplementation on iron-deficiency anemia: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Nutrients https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14030543 (2022).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"88506_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.246","volume":"9","author":"K Kekan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kekan, K. et al. Wcn24-1274 the effect of lactoferrin on hemoglobin, erythroferrone and hepcidin levels in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. Rep. 9(4), S119\u2013S120 (2024).","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"88506_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.247","volume":"9","author":"S Divyaveer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Divyaveer, S. et al. 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