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This study investigated water contamination in DUWLs within these laboratories and proposed solutions. Water samples were collected from 12 dental chairs in three laboratories at three time points: the beginning, middle, and end of the semester. At the start of the semester, severe contamination was observed, with colony counts of 11,586<jats:inline-formula>\n              <jats:tex-math>$$\\:\\pm\\:$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>1715 CFU\/ml for high-speed handpieces and 5375<jats:inline-formula>\n              <jats:tex-math>$$\\:\\pm\\:$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>874 CFU\/ml for three ways syringes. As the semester progressed, colony counts gradually decreased but remained above clinical thresholds. Both 20\u00a0mg\/L organochlorine disinfectant and 20\u00a0mg\/L chlorine dioxide were effective in reducing bacterial contamination below standard ranges three days post-disinfection. Microbial diversity analysis revealed <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic> as the dominant bacterial phyla, with <jats:italic>Ascomycota<\/jats:italic> as the dominant fungal phylum. Potentially pathogenic bacteria such as <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ralstonia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, as well as fungi like <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic>, were detected. Therefore, urgent attention is needed to address DUWL contamination in dental laboratories, and it is recommended to disinfect DUWLs using either 20\u00a0mg\/L organochlorine disinfectant or 20\u00a0mg\/L chlorine dioxide every three days.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89010-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T14:43:56Z","timestamp":1739371436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Periodic detection and disinfection maintenance of dental unit waterlines in dental simulation head model laboratories"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Biyao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"89010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080651","volume":"9","author":"AM Spagnolo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spagnolo, A. 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