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The proposed method combines (i) spatial service models to assess direct service disruptions with (ii) a service dependency model to assess indirect (cascading) service disruptions. A fault tree-based approach is implemented, resulting in a significant decrease in the information required to set up the service dependency model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in a case study examining the impact of an extreme flood on health, transport, and power services in Cologne, Germany.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89469-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T01:44:35Z","timestamp":1739843075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dependent Infrastructure Service Disruption Mapping (DISruptionMap): A method to assess cascading service disruptions in disaster scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Moritz","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Halekotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mentges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Fiedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"89469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103710","volume":"91","author":"FC Nick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nick, F. 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