{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:40:26Z","timestamp":1789144826313,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89570-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T14:23:16Z","timestamp":1739024596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of time-to-event machine learning models in predicting biliary complication and mortality rate in liver transplant patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8196-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aref","family":"Andishgar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Bazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran B.","family":"Lankarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Alireza","family":"Taghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hadi","family":"Imanieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Sivandzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Saeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Dadashpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Shamsaeefar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Ravankhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed Nikoupour","family":"Deylami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Tabrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Imanieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"89570_CR1","unstructured":"Dababneh, Y. & Mousa, O. Y. Continuing Education Activity."},{"key":"89570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31685-0","volume":"9","author":"EM Yoshida","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoshida, E. M., Haque, M. & Scudamore, C. H. Adult live donor liver transplantation: routine, commonplace, standard care for end stage liver disease (we hope). Ann. Hepatol. 9, 89\u201390 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32022-8","volume":"5","author":"R Moreno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moreno, R. & Berenguer, M. Post-liver transplantation medical complications. Ann. Hepatol. 5, 77\u201385 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"89570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13651","volume":"38","author":"F Durand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Durand, F. How to improve long-term outcome after liver transplantation? Liver Int. 38 (Suppl 1), 134\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.13651 (2018).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"89570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10263","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2022.10263","volume":"35","author":"MT Serrano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Serrano, M. T. et al. Mortality and causes of death after liver transplantation: analysis of sex differences in a large nationwide cohort. Transpl. Int. 35, 10263 (2022).","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"89570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v13.i1.66","volume":"13","author":"I Boeva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boeva, I., Karagyozov, P. I. & Tishkov, I. Post-liver transplant biliary complications: current knowledge and therapeutic advances. World J. Hepatol. 13, 66\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v13.i1.66 (2021).","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24602","volume":"22","author":"MR Charlton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Charlton, M. R. Roadmap for improving patient and graft survival in the next 10 years. Liver Transpl. 22, 71\u201378 (2016).","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"89570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.116176","volume":"54","author":"ML Freeman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Freeman, M. L., Cass, O. W. & Dailey, J. Dilation of high-grade pancreatic and biliary ductal strictures with small-caliber angioplasty balloons. Gastrointest. Endosc. 54, 89\u201392 (2001).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"89570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199811150-00015","volume":"66","author":"S RG","year":"1998","unstructured":"RG, S. Incidence and management of biliary complications after 291 liver transplants following the introduction of transcystic stenting. Transplantation 66, 1201\u20131207 (1998).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"89570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karagyozov, P., Boeva, I. & Tishkov, I. Su1579 the benefits of adding digital cholangioscopy in the evaluation and treatment of post-transplant biliary complications. Gastrointest. Endosc. 91, AB387 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.03.3874"},{"key":"89570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.10.055","volume":"67","author":"H Wright","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wright, H. et al. Management of biliary stricture guided by the Spyglass direct visualization system in a liver transplant recipient: an innovative approach. Gastrointest. Endosc. 67, 1201\u20131203 (2008).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"89570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1217-2","volume":"55","author":"WS Ayoub","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ayoub, W. S., Esquivel, C. O. & Martin, P. Biliary complications following liver transplantation. Dig. Dis. Sci. 55, 1540\u20131546 (2010).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"89570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2010.00162.x","volume":"12","author":"R Marudanayagam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marudanayagam, R. et al. Liver retransplantation in adults: a single-centre, 25-year experience. Hpb 12, 217\u2013224 (2010).","journal-title":"Hpb"},{"key":"89570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.5527","volume":"154","author":"FM Kaldas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaldas, F. M. et al. Assessment of anastomotic biliary complications in adult patients undergoing high-acuity liver transplant. JAMA Surg. 154, 431\u2013439 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"89570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v7.i5.446","volume":"7","author":"M Girotra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Girotra, M., Soota, K., Klair, J. S., Dang, S. M. & Aduli, F. Endoscopic management of post-liver transplant biliary complications. World J. Gastrointest. Endosc 7, 446 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"89570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2018.00028","volume":"7","author":"BT Moy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moy, B. T. & Birk, J. W. A review on the management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol. 7, 61 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106838","volume":"105","author":"YD Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, Y. D. et al. Artificial intelligence for predicting survival following deceased donor liver transplantation: retrospective multi-center study. Int. J. Surg. 105, 106838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106838 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"89570_CR18","unstructured":"Bagheri Lankarani, K., Shafipoor, F., Honarvar, B., Bagherpour, M. & Erjaee, A. Data mining applications in liver transplantation: a review and extension. Int. J. Hosp. Res. 9 (2020)."},{"key":"89570_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e458","DOI":"10.1016\/s2589-7500(23)00068-7","volume":"5","author":"A Azhie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Azhie, A. et al. A deep learning framework for personalised dynamic diagnosis of graft fibrosis after liver transplantation: a retrospective, single Canadian centre, longitudinal study. Lancet Digit. Health 5, e458\u2013e466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2589-7500(23)00068-7 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"89570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-6469","volume":"11","author":"M Bezjak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bezjak, M. et al. Use of machine learning models for identification of predictors of survival and tumour recurrence in liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Transl Med. 11, 345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm-22-6469 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Transl Med."},{"key":"89570_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2013.06.001","volume":"45","author":"AM Stey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stey, A. M., Doucette, J., Florman, S. & Emre, S. Donor and recipient factors predicting time to graft failure following orthotopic liver transplantation: a transplant risk index. Transpl. Proc. 45, 2077\u20132082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.transproceed.2013.06.001 (2013).","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"89570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25900-0","volume":"12","author":"S Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung, S. et al. Predicting graft failure in pediatric liver transplantation based on early biomarkers using machine learning models. Sci. Rep. 12, 22411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-25900-0 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"89570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2013.11.004","volume":"46","author":"M Angelico","year":"2014","unstructured":"Angelico, M. et al. A bayesian methodology to improve prediction of early graft loss after liver transplantation derived from the liver match study. Dig. Liver Dis. 46, 340\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2013.11.004 (2014).","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"89570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.02.006","volume":"35","author":"V Jain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jain, V. et al. Machine learning models to predict major adverse cardiovascular events after orthotopic liver transplantation: a cohort study. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth. 35, 2063\u20132069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.02.006 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"89570_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02990-4","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. An explainable supervised machine learning predictor of acute kidney injury after adult deceased donor liver transplantation. J. Transl. Med. 19, 321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-021-02990-4 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"89570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2179104","volume":"55","author":"C Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. Development and validation of a practical machine learning model to predict sepsis after liver transplantation. Ann. Med. 55, 624\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2023.2179104 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"89570_CR27","first-page":"591","volume":"12","author":"KB Lankarani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lankarani, K. B. et al. Predictors of death in the liver transplantation adult candidates: an artificial neural networks and support vector machine hybrid-based cohort study. J. Biomed. Phys. Eng. 12, 591 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Phys. Eng."},{"key":"89570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62387-z","volume":"10","author":"CL Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, C. L., Soong, R. S., Lee, W. C., Jiang, G. W. & Lin, Y. C. Predicting short-term survival after liver transplantation using machine learning. Sci. Rep. 10, 5654 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"89570_CR29","first-page":"345","volume":"2005","author":"N Hoot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoot, N. & Aronsky, D. Using bayesian networks to predict survival of liver transplant patients. AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc. 2005, 345\u2013349 (2005).","journal-title":"AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"89570_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25164","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.25164","volume":"15","author":"B Khosravi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khosravi, B., Pourahmad, S., Bahreini, A., Nikeghbalian, S. & Mehrdad, G. Five years survival of patients after liver transplantation and its effective factors by neural network and cox poroportional hazard regression models. Hepat. Mon. 15, e25164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/hepatmon.25164 (2015).","journal-title":"Hepat. Mon"},{"key":"89570_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e295","DOI":"10.1016\/s2589-7500(21)00040-6","volume":"3","author":"O Nitski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nitski, O. et al. Long-term mortality risk stratification of liver transplant recipients: real-time application of deep learning algorithms on longitudinal data. Lancet Digit. Health 3, e295\u2013e305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2589-7500(21)00040-6 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"89570_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25930","volume":"27","author":"A Yasodhara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yasodhara, A., Dong, V., Azhie, A., Goldenberg, A. & Bhat, M. Identifying modifiable predictors of long-term survival in liver transplant recipients with diabetes Mellitus using machine learning. Liver Transpl. 27, 536\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.25930 (2021).","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"89570_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0193523","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193523","volume":"13","author":"A Andres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andres, A. et al. A novel learning algorithm to predict individual survival after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. PLoS One. 13, e0193523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193523 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"89570_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601118","volume":"89","author":"TG Clark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Clark, T. G., Bradburn, M. J., Love, S. B. & Altman, D. G. Survival analysis part I: basic concepts and first analyses. Br. J. Cancer 89, 232\u2013238 (2003).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"89570_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77220-w","volume":"10","author":"A Spooner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spooner, A. et al. A comparison of machine learning methods for survival analysis of high-dimensional clinical data for dementia prediction. Sci. Rep. 10, 20410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-77220-w (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"89570_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7156.468","volume":"317","author":"DG Altman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Altman, D. G. & Bland, J. M. Time to event (survival) data. Bmj 317, 468\u2013469 (1998).","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"89570_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-023-02078-1","volume":"23","author":"Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Li, J., Li, M. & Aparasu, R. R. Application of machine learning in predicting survival outcomes involving real-world data: a scoping review. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 23, 268 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"89570_CR38","unstructured":"Juszczak, P., Tax, D. & Duin, R. P. Proc. ASCI 95\u2013102 (Citeseer)."},{"key":"89570_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.3390\/e23101258","volume":"23","author":"T Al-Shehari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Shehari, T. & Alsowail, R. A. An insider data leakage detection using one-hot encoding, synthetic minority oversampling and machine learning techniques. Entropy 23, 1258 (2021).","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"89570_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury, M. Z. I. & Turin, T. C. Variable selection strategies and its importance in clinical prediction modelling. Family Med. Community Health 8 (2020).","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2019-000262"},{"key":"89570_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2021.101224","volume":"61","author":"D Effrosynidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Effrosynidis, D. & Arampatzis, A. An evaluation of feature selection methods for environmental data. Ecol. Inf. 61, 101224 (2021).","journal-title":"Ecol. Inf."},{"key":"89570_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/00949655.2014.929131","volume":"85","author":"M Lang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang, M. et al. Automatic model selection for high-dimensional survival analysis. J. Stat. Comput. Simul. 85, 62\u201376 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Stat. Comput. Simul."},{"key":"89570_CR43","first-page":"8747","volume":"21","author":"S P\u00f6lsterl","year":"2020","unstructured":"P\u00f6lsterl, S. scikit-survival: a library for time-to-event analysis built on top of scikit-learn. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 21, 8747\u20138752 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"89570_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, S. & Shukla, S. IEEE 6th International conference on advanced computing (IACC) 78\u201383 (IEEE, 2016).","DOI":"10.1109\/IACC.2016.25"},{"key":"89570_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-006-0040-8","volume":"12","author":"A Kalousis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kalousis, A., Prados, J. & Hilario, M. Stability of feature selection algorithms: a study on high-dimensional spaces. Knowl. Inf. Syst. 12, 95\u2013116 (2007).","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"89570_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2015.967761","volume":"9","author":"B Nemes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nemes, B., G\u00e1m\u00e1n, G. & Doros, A. Biliary complications after liver transplantation. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9, 447\u2013466 (2015).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/sla.0000000000004211","volume":"272","author":"MD Evans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Evans, M. D. et al. Predictors of survival after liver transplantation in patients with the highest acuity (MELD\u2009\u2265\u200940). Ann. Surg. 272, 458\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0000000000004211 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"89570_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000938","volume":"26","author":"NS Lau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lau, N. S., Liu, K., McCaughan, G., Crawford, M. & Pulitano, C. Are split liver grafts a suitable option in high-risk liver transplant recipients? Curr. Opin. Organ. Transplant. 26, 675\u2013680 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Organ. Transplant."},{"key":"89570_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24015","volume":"21","author":"M Mabrouk Mourad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mabrouk Mourad, M. et al. Vasculobiliary complications following adult right lobe split liver transplantation from the perspective of reconstruction techniques. Liver Transpl. 21, 63\u201371 (2015).","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"89570_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i18.3214","volume":"23","author":"TF Kanizaj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanizaj, T. F. & Mijic, M. Inflammatory bowel disease in liver transplanted patients. World J. Gastroenterol. 23, 3214 (2017).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"89570_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz325","volume":"26","author":"M Peverelle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peverelle, M., Paleri, S., Hughes, J., De Cruz, P. & Gow, P. J. Activity of inflammatory bowel disease after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis predicts poorer clinical outcomes. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 26, 1901\u20131908 (2020).","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"89570_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093143","volume":"13","author":"M Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, M. et al. Bile acid\u2013gut microbiota axis in inflammatory bowel disease: from bench to bedside. Nutrients 13, 3143 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"89570_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054841","volume":"24","author":"U Wirth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wirth, U. et al. The role of microbiota in liver transplantation and liver transplantation-related biliary complications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 4841 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"89570_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.903475","volume":"22","author":"E Giorgakis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giorgakis, E. et al. The effect of recipient body mass index and its extremes on survival and graft vascular and biliary complications after liver transplantation: a single center retrospective study. Ann. Transplant. 22, 611\u2013621 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Transplant."},{"key":"89570_CR55","unstructured":"Mosallaie pour, H. R. et al. Recipient-associated risk factors for post-liver transplantation biliary complications: a cohort study. Indian J. Gastroenterol. 1\u20138 (2024)."},{"key":"89570_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23280","volume":"51","author":"E Fabbrini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fabbrini, E., Sullivan, S. & Klein, S. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications. Hepatology 51, 679\u2013689 (2010).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"89570_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-15-S2-120","volume":"15","author":"K Popko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Popko, K. et al. Proinflammatory cytokines Il-6 and TNF-\u03b1 and the development of inflammation in obese subjects. Eur. J. Med. Res. 15, 1\u20133 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"89570_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2253-15-1","volume":"15","author":"EE Tjeertes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tjeertes, E. E. et al. Obesity\u2013a risk factor for postoperative complications in general surgery? BMC Anesthesiol. 15, 1\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol."},{"key":"89570_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.029","volume":"75","author":"M Senzolo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Senzolo, M., Garcia-Tsao, G. & Garc\u00eda-Pag\u00e1n, J. C. Current knowledge and management of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 75, 442\u2013453 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/CLD.0000000000000067","volume":"22","author":"III Toth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Toth, I. I. I., Barman, P. & J. F. & Portal vein thrombosis: before, during, and after liver transplant. Clin. Liver Dis..22, 14\u201317 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"89570_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v5.i3.137","volume":"5","author":"V Su\u00e1rez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez, V. et al. Portal hypertensive biliopathy: a single center experience and literature review. World J. Hepatol. 5, 137 (2013).","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.32.20180087","volume":"33","author":"S Rampes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rampes, S. & Ma, D. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplant setting: mechanisms and protective strategies. J. Biomed. Res. 33, 221 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Biomedical Res."},{"key":"89570_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2017.10.003","volume":"7","author":"NS Choudhary","year":"2017","unstructured":"Choudhary, N. S. et al. Acute and chronic rejection after liver transplantation: what a clinician needs to know. J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol. 7, 358\u2013366 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2022.03.012","volume":"41","author":"M Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, M. et al. Postoperative myocardial injury and outcomes in liver and kidney transplant patients. Cardiovasc. Revascularization Med. 41, 154\u2013158 (2022).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Revascularization Med."},{"key":"89570_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v16.i6.883","volume":"16","author":"M Cesaretti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cesaretti, M., Izzo, A., Pellegrino, R. A., Galli, A. & Mavrothalassitis, O. Cold ischemia time in liver transplantation: an overview. World J. Hepatol. 16, 883\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v16.i6.883 (2024).","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3390\/transplantology2030032","volume":"2","author":"E Colliou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colliou, E. et al. Kidney failure after liver transplantation. Transplantology 2, 315\u2013335 (2021).","journal-title":"Transplantology"},{"key":"89570_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1675-4","volume":"21","author":"J Skytte Larsson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skytte Larsson, J., Bragadottir, G., Redfors, B. & Ricksten, S. E. Renal function and oxygenation are impaired early after liver transplantation despite hyperdynamic systemic circulation. Crit. Care 21, 1\u201310 (2017).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"89570_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11020090","volume":"11","author":"CY Hsiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hsiao, C. Y. et al. Long-term tacrolimus blood trough level and patient survival in adult liver transplantation. J. Pers. Med. 11, 90 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Personalized Med."},{"key":"89570_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.08.031","volume":"80","author":"F \u00c5berg","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00c5berg, F. et al. Cyclosporine vs. tacrolimus after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis\u2013a propensity score-matched intention-to-treat analysis. J. Hepatol. 80, 99\u2013108 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"89570_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haddad, E. et al. Cyclosporin versus tacrolimus for liver transplanted patients. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (2006).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005161"},{"key":"89570_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410273311702","volume":"331","author":"UMFL Group","year":"1994","unstructured":"Group, U. M. F. L. A comparison of tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression in liver transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 1110\u20131115 (1994).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"89570_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/transplantology1020007","volume":"1","author":"R Hage","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hage, R., Steinack, C., Gautschi, F. & SchuurmansM. M. Transplant drugs against SARS, MERS and COVID-19. Transplantology 1, 71\u201384 (2020).","journal-title":"Transplantology"},{"key":"89570_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25646","volume":"26","author":"C Jim\u00e9nez-Romero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Romero, C. et al. Biliary complications after liver transplantation from uncontrolled donors after circulatory death: incidence, management, and outcome. Liver Transpl. 26, 80\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.25646 (2020).","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"89570_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152324","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152324","volume":"11","author":"HP Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, H. P., Tsai, Y. F., Lin, J. R., Liu, F. C. & Yu, H. P. Recipient age and mortality risk after liver transplantation: a population-based cohort study. PloS One 11, e0152324 (2016).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"89570_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002246","volume":"102","author":"E Gil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gil, E. et al. Recipient age and mortality after liver transplantation: a population-based cohort study. Transplantation 102, 2025 (2018).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"89570_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.043","volume":"150","author":"F Su","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su, F. et al. Aging of liver transplant registrants and recipients: trends and impact on waitlist outcomes, post-transplantation outcomes, and transplant-related survival benefit. Gastroenterology 150, 441\u2013453 (2016). e446.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"89570_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i21.3157","volume":"10","author":"XS He","year":"2004","unstructured":"He, X. S. et al. Safe time to warm ischemia and posttransplant survival of liver graft from non-heart-beating donors. World J. Gastroenterol. 10, 3157\u20133160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v10.i21.3157 (2004).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-89570-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-89570-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-89570-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T15:14:29Z","timestamp":1739027669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-89570-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["89570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-89570-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4768"}}