{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:24:45Z","timestamp":1790958285154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dongguan social development technology program","award":["No.20231800918372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.20231800918372"]}]},{"name":"Dongguan social development technology program","award":["No.20231800903361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.20231800903361"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.82174318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82174318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89620-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T16:27:50Z","timestamp":1742228870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk factors for non-responsiveness to 5-aminosalicylic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis identified using retrospective clinical study and Mendelian randomization"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Ning","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Tian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue-Ming","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Xian","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Hong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Qiang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Gang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"89620_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2","volume":"402","author":"BC Le","year":"2023","unstructured":"Le, B. C., Honap, S. & Peyrin-Biroulet, L. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet 402, 571\u2013584 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"89620_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","volume":"390","author":"SC Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng, S. C. et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: A systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet 390, 2769\u20132778 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"89620_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000152","volume":"114","author":"DT Rubin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rubin, D. T., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Siegel, C. A., Sauer, B. G. & Long, M. D. ACG clinical guideline: Ulcerative colitis in adults. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 114, 384\u2013413 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"89620_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15185","volume":"36","author":"Z Ran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ran, Z. et al. Asian Organization for Crohn\u2019s and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology practice recommendations for medical management and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 36, 637\u2013645 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"89620_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12994","volume":"22","author":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, CSoG Chinese Medical Association","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, CSoG Chinese Medical Association. Chinese consensus on diagnosis and treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. J. Dig. Dis. 22, 298\u2013317 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"89620_CR6","first-page":"447","volume":"113","author":"D Mart\u00ed-Aguado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mart\u00ed-Aguado, D., Ballester, M. P. & M\u00ednguez, M. Risk factors and management strategies associated with non-response to aminosalicylates as a maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 113, 447\u2013453 (2021).","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig."},{"key":"89620_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851295","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.851295","volume":"10","author":"H Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, H. et al. Inflammatory indexes for assessing the severity and disease progression of ulcerative colitis: A single-center retrospective study. Front Public Health 10, 851295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.851295 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"89620_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.2c00820","volume":"22","author":"Q Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, Q. et al. Serum bile acid metabolites predict the therapeutic effect of mesalazine in patients with ulcerative colitis. J. Proteome Res. 22, 1287\u20131297 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"89620_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.12.017","volume":"110","author":"S Burgess","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burgess, S. et al. Using genetic association data to guide drug discovery and development: Review of methods and applications. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 110, 195\u2013214 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"89620_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03122-7","volume":"25","author":"W Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie, W., Li, J., Du, H. & Xia, J. Causal relationship between PCSK9 inhibitor and autoimmune diseases: A drug target Mendelian randomization study. Arthritis Res. Ther. 25, 148 (2023).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"89620_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54229-z","volume":"14","author":"AB Zemariam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zemariam, A. B., Abebe, G. K. & Alamaw, A. W. Incidence and predictors of attrition among human immunodeficiency virus infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: A retrospective cohort study. Sci. Rep. 14, 4366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-54229-z (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"89620_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22338-2","volume":"12","author":"R Pazoki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pazoki, R. et al. Genetic analysis in European ancestry individuals identifies 517 loci associated with liver enzymes. Nat. Commun. 12, 2579 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"89620_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14389-8","volume":"11","author":"N Papadimitriou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papadimitriou, N. et al. Physical activity and risks of breast and colorectal cancer: A Mendelian randomisation analysis. Nat. Commun. 11, 597 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"89620_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00051-5","volume":"1","author":"HM D\u00f6nerta\u015f","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u00f6nerta\u015f, H. M., Fabian, D. K., Valenzuela, M. F., Partridge, L. & Thornton, J. M. Common genetic associations between age-related diseases. Nat. Aging 1, 400\u2013412 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"89620_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","volume":"613","author":"MI Kurki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurki, M. I. et al. FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature 613, 508\u2013518 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"89620_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02103-2","volume":"23","author":"Y Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Ai, M. & Liu, C. The impact of lipidome on breast cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Lipids Health Dis. 23, 109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-024-02103-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"89620_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15138","volume":"36","author":"S Hiraoka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hiraoka, S. et al. Multicenter survey on mesalamine intolerance in patients with ulcerative colitis. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 36, 137\u2013143 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"89620_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.110","volume":"52","author":"JJ Toledo-Maurino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toledo-Maurino, J. J. & Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K. Drug allergy is associated with the development of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with ulcerative colitis. Eur. Ann. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 52, 35\u201338 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"89620_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1159\/000506633","volume":"181","author":"Y Kageyama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kageyama, Y. et al. Higher prevalence of nickel and palladium hypersensitivity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 181, 456\u2013461 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"89620_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.03.007","volume":"10","author":"S Kuyama","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuyama, S., Yamamoto, A., Sugiyama, M., Kakuta, H. & Sugimoto, Y. Effect of 5-aminosalicylate on allergic rhinitis model in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 10, 713\u2013716 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"89620_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04041.x","volume":"30","author":"R Corinaldesi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corinaldesi, R. et al. Effect of mesalazine on mucosal immune biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized controlled proof-of-concept study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 30, 245\u2013252 (2009).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"89620_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79207-z","volume":"10","author":"S Matsumoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsumoto, S. & Mashima, H. Mesalazine allergy and an attempt at desensitization therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Sci. Rep. 10, 22176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-79207-z (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"89620_CR23","unstructured":"Mesalamine. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed\u00ae). (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2006)."},{"key":"89620_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.7.5.673","volume":"7","author":"J Batra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Batra, J., Sharma, S. K. & Ghosh, B. Arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene polymorphisms: Markers for atopic asthma, serum IgE and blood eosinophil counts. Pharmacogenomics 7, 673\u2013682 (2006).","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"89620_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv6","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa250","volume":"59","author":"D Poddubnyy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poddubnyy, D. Classification vs diagnostic criteria: The challenge of diagnosing axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 59(Suppl 4), iv6\u2013iv17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa250 (2020).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"89620_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0289021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289021","volume":"18","author":"A Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, A., Tan, Y., Chen, J., Liu, X. & Wu, J. Development of ankylosing spondylitis in patients with ulcerative colitis: A systematic meta-analysis. PLoS One 18, e0289021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0289021 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"89620_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.026","volume":"167","author":"M Khrom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khrom, M. et al. Comprehensive association analyses of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 167, 315\u2013332 (2024).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"89620_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i18.2162","volume":"25","author":"GE Fragoulis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fragoulis, G. E. et al. Inflammatory bowel diseases and spondyloarthropathies: From pathogenesis to treatment. World J. Gastroenterol. 25, 2162\u20132176 (2019).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"89620_CR29","first-page":"1558","volume":"30","author":"JC van Denderen","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Denderen, J. C., van der Horst-Bruinsma, I., Bezemer, P. D. & Dijkmans, B. A. Efficacy and safety of mesalazine (Salofalk) in an open study of 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol. 30, 1558\u20131560 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"89620_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goac025","volume":"10","author":"N Ishida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ishida, N. et al. Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio is a short-term predictive marker of ulcerative colitis after induction of advanced therapy. Gastroenterol. Rep. (Oxf). 10, 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gastro\/goac025 (2022).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Rep. (Oxf)."},{"key":"89620_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2022.21401","volume":"33","author":"MS Yal\u00e7\u0131n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n, M. S., Yalaki, S., \u00d6lmez, \u015e & Ta\u015f, A. Monocyte\/high-density lipoprotein ratio is an indicator of activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Turk. J. Gastroenterol. 33, 329\u2013335 (2022).","journal-title":"Turk. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"89620_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15408","volume":"11","author":"YM Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai, Y. M. et al. Adsorptive granulocyte and monocyte apheresis in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: The first multicenter study in China. Gut Liver 11, 216\u2013225 (2017).","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"89620_CR33","first-page":"117","volume":"34","author":"M Botros","year":"2013","unstructured":"Botros, M. & Sikaris, K. A. The de ritis ratio: The test of time. Clin. Biochem. Rev. 34, 117\u2013130 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"89620_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0210-5705(11)70095-4","volume":"34","author":"M Ma\u00f1osa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ma\u00f1osa, M. & Dom\u00e8nech, E. Mesalazine old and new. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 34(Suppl 3), 25\u201329 (2011).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"89620_CR35","first-page":"349","volume":"21","author":"GE Hume","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hume, G. E., Fowler, E. V., Griffiths, L. R., Doecke, J. D. & Radford-Smith, G. L. Common PPAR\u03b3 variants C161T and Pro12Ala are not associated with inflammatory bowel disease in an Australian cohort. J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis. 21, 349\u2013355 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"89620_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21798","volume":"18","author":"S Poliska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poliska, S. et al. Association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease in a Hungarian cohort. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18, 472\u2013479 (2012).","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"89620_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.102","volume":"49","author":"HJ Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park, H. J. & Choi, J. M. Sex-specific regulation of immune responses by PPARs. Exp. Mol. Med. 49, e364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emm.2017.102 (2017).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"89620_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a1107","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1107","volume":"337","author":"VS Raleigh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Raleigh, V. S. Collection of data on ethnic origin in England. BMJ 337, a1107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a1107 (2008).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"89620_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330440216","volume":"44","author":"PL Workman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Workman, P. L., Mielke, J. H. & Nevanlinna, H. R. The genetic structure of finland. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 44, 341\u2013367 (1976).","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"89620_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs246868","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.246868","volume":"133","author":"X Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. Autophagic feedback-mediated degradation of IKK\u03b1 requires CHK1- and p300\/CBP-dependent acetylation of p53. J. Cell Sci. 133, jcs246868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.246868 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"89620_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202753387437","volume":"37","author":"JA Ag\u00fandez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ag\u00fandez, J. A. et al. N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism is not related to the risk of advanced alcoholic liver disease. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 37, 99\u2013103 (2002).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"89620_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.5.703","volume":"47","author":"MW Yu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yu, M. W. et al. Role of N-acetyltransferase polymorphisms in hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma: impact of smoking on risk. Gut 47, 703\u2013709 (2000).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"89620_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1067","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002306","volume":"33","author":"I Garrido","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garrido, I., Santos, A. L., Lopes, J., Lopes, S. & Macedo, G. Hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease: Mesalazine, the forgotten drug. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 33, e1067\u2013e1070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002306 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"89620_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2014.09.002","volume":"38","author":"JL Dom\u00ednguez Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez Jim\u00e9nez, J. L., Pelado Garc\u00eda, E. M. & Copado Herrera, R. Mesalazine-induced acute hepatitis. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 38, 302\u2013303 (2015).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"89620_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.08.013","volume":"21","author":"L Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, L. et al. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in urban China: A nationwide population-based study. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 21, 3379\u20133386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.08.013 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-89620-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-89620-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-89620-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T16:27:57Z","timestamp":1742228877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-89620-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["89620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-89620-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The protocol of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Dongguan Hospital of Guangdong University of Chinese Medicine and performed in accordance with the 2013 revision of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975. The present study was conducted after the registration on the Chinese clinical trial registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2400084086). No data identifying patients were included in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Dongguan Hospital of Guangdong University of Chinese Medicine waived the need of obtaining informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"9182"}}