{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:18:34Z","timestamp":1790360314937,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90455-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T22:56:36Z","timestamp":1743807396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sleep apnea is associated with reduced daytime blood pressure variability in adults with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sandro","family":"Covain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Baillieul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Doutreleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Guinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"P\u00e9pin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Tamisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique-Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Bricout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"90455_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0143-7","volume":"6","author":"SE Antonarakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antonarakis, S. E. et al. Down syndrome. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers  6 (1), 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0143-7 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"90455_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059706","volume":"147","author":"K Dimopoulos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dimopoulos, K. et al. For down syndrome international (DSi). Cardiovascular complications of down syndrome: scoping review and expert consensus. Circulation 147 (5), 425\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059706 (2023).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"90455_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61853","volume":"5","author":"MS Trois","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trois, M. S. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in adults with down syndrome. J. Clin. Sleep Med. 5 (4), 317\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.61853 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"90455_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-124.1.4","volume":"124","author":"M Cornacchia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornacchia, M., Sethness, J., Alapat, P., Lin, Y. H. & Peacock, C. The prevalence of OSA among an adult population with down syndrome referred to a medical clinic. Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil. 124 (1), 4\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-124.1.4 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"90455_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7382","volume":"14","author":"S Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez, S. et al. Prevalence of sleep disorders in adults with down syndrome: a comparative study of self-reported, actigraphic, and polysomnographic findings. J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 14 (10), 1725\u20131733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.7382 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"90455_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01285-6","volume":"90","author":"RSC Horne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Horne, R. S. C. et al. Children with Down syndrome and sleep disordered breathing have altered cardiovascular control. Pediatr. Res. 90 (4), 819\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-020-01285-6 (2021).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"90455_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.03.012","volume":"84","author":"R Tamisier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tamisier, R., Weiss, J. W. & P\u00e9pin, J. L. Sleep biology updates: Hemodynamic and autonomic control in sleep disorders. Metabolism 84, 3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.03.012 (2018).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"90455_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.11.002","volume":"44","author":"RS Horne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Horne, R. S., Wijayaratne, P., Nixon, G. M. & Walter, L. M. Sleep and sleep disordered breathing in children with down syndrome: effects on behaviour, neurocognition and the cardiovascular system. Sleep. Med. Rev. 44, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.11.002 (2019).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"90455_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1986","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00701.2009","volume":"298","author":"DM O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2010","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll, D. M. et al. The heart rate response to spontaneous arousal from sleep is reduced in children with down syndrome referred for evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 298 (6), H1986\u2013H1990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00701.2009 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"90455_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2084","volume":"35","author":"DM O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll, D. M. et al. Cardiac and sympathetic activation are reduced in children with down syndrome and sleep disordered breathing. Sleep 35 (9), 1269\u20131275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.2084 (2012).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"90455_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.016","volume":"47","author":"W Xia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xia, W. et al. Relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and essential hypertension: a dose-response meta-analysis. Sleep Med. 47, 11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.016 (2018).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med."},{"key":"90455_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.03.020","volume":"81","author":"A Bassam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bassam, A. et al. Nocturnal dipping of heart rate is impaired in children with down syndrome and sleep disordered breathing. Sleep Med. 81, 466\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.03.020 (2021).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med."},{"key":"90455_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.05.006","volume":"213","author":"TD de Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Carvalho, T. D. et al. Heart rate variability in individuals with down syndrome - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Auton. Neurosci. 213, 23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.05.006 (2018).","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"90455_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000625","volume":"38","author":"L Aponte-Becerra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aponte-Becerra, L. & Novak, P. Tilt test: a review. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 38 (4), 279\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000625 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"90455_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.10.027","volume":"86","author":"B Fernhall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fernhall, B. et al. Blunted heart rate response to upright tilt in people with down syndrome. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 86 (4), 813\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.10.027 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"90455_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agiovlasitis, S. et al. Autonomic response to upright tilt in people with and without down syndrome. Res. Dev. Disabil. 31 (3), 857\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.03.002 (2010).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.03.002"},{"key":"90455_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agiovlasitis, S., Baynard, T., Pitetti, K. H. & Fernhall, B. Heart rate complexity in response to upright tilt in persons with down syndrome. Res. Dev. Disabil. 32 (6), 2102\u20132107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.08.015 (2011).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.08.015"},{"issue":"2","key":"90455_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000411","volume":"47","author":"K Bunsawat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bunsawat, K. et al. Normal HR with tilt, yet autonomic dysfunction in persons with down syndrome. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 47 (2), 250\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000411 (2015).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"2","key":"90455_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20020941","volume":"20","author":"JS G\u0105sior","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u0105sior, J. S. et al. Heart rate variability in individuals with down syndrome: a scoping review with methodological considerations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health  20 (2), 941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20020941 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"90455_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.6.505","volume":"15","author":"D Veale","year":"1992","unstructured":"Veale, D., P\u00e9pin, J. L. & L\u00e9vy, P. A. Autonomic stress tests in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and snoring. Sleep 15 (6), 505\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/15.6.505 (1992).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"10","key":"90455_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09102122","volume":"9","author":"D Veale","year":"1996","unstructured":"Veale, D., P\u00e9pin, J. L., Wuyam, B. & L\u00e9vy, P. A. Abnormal autonomic stress responses in obstructive sleep apnoea are reversed by nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Eur. Respir J. 9 (10), 2122\u20132126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.96.09102122 (1996).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir J."},{"issue":"6","key":"90455_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2387","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00560.2005","volume":"289","author":"F Iellamo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iellamo, F. et al. Altered autonomic cardiac regulation in individuals with down syndrome. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289 (6), H2387\u2013H2391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00560.2005 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"90455_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000179217.59831.41","volume":"37","author":"KS Heffernan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heffernan, K. S. et al. Baroreflex sensitivity during static exercise in individuals with down syndrome. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37 (12), 2026\u20132031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.mss.0000179217.59831.41 (2005).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"7","key":"90455_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2004.00596.x","volume":"34","author":"GS Hamilton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hamilton, G. S., Solin, P. & Naughton, M. T. Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease. Intern. Med. J. 34 (7), 420\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2004.00596.x (2004).","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"90455_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tamisier, R. et al. A new model of chronic intermittent hypoxia in humans: effect on ventilation, sleep, and blood pressure. J. Appl. Physiol. 107 (1), 17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.91165.2008 (2009).","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91165.2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"90455_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00204209","volume":"37","author":"R Tamisier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamisier, R. et al. 14 nights of intermittent hypoxia elevate daytime blood pressure and sympathetic activity in healthy humans. Eur. Respir J. 37 (1), 119\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00204209 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir J."},{"issue":"6","key":"90455_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02718-8","volume":"94","author":"P Bokov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bokov, P., Boujemla, I., Dahan, J., Dudoignon, B. & Delclaux, C. Obstructive sleep apnea in children with down syndrome: contribution of upper airway and chemosensitivity. Pediatr. Res. 94 (6), 1990\u20131997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-023-02718-8 (2023).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"90455_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14416","volume":"75","author":"JD Santoro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santoro, J. D. et al. Diminished blood pressure profiles in children with down syndrome. Hypertension 75 (3), 819\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14416 (2020).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"90455_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","volume":"93","author":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology","year":"1996","unstructured":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation 93, 1043\u20131065 (1996).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"90455_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barbieri, R., Parati, G. & Saul, J. P. Closed- versus open-loop assessment of heart rate baroreflex. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 20 (2), 33\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/51.917722 (2001 Mar-Apr).","DOI":"10.1109\/51.917722"},{"issue":"3","key":"90455_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6506","volume":"13","author":"VK Kapur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kapur, V. K. et al. Clinical practice Guideline for Diagnostic Testing for Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 13 (3), 479\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.6506 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"90455_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6576","volume":"13","author":"RB Berry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berry, R. B. et al. AASM scoring manual updates for 2017 (version 2.4). J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 13 (5), 665\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.6576 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90455-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90455-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90455-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T22:56:37Z","timestamp":1743807397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90455-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["90455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-90455-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11484"}}