{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:37:46Z","timestamp":1790786266038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund, Dalian Science and Technology Bureau","award":["2022JJ12SN048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ12SN048"]}]},{"name":"\u201c1+X \u201dprogram for Clinical Competency enhancement\u2013Clinical Research Incubation Project, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University","award":["2022LCYJZD03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LCYJZD03"]}]},{"name":"\u201cXingliao Talent Plan\u201d of Liaoning, China","award":["YXMJ-QN-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YXMJ-QN-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90467-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T11:12:42Z","timestamp":1742641962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum metabolomic analysis in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis positive for TgAb or TPOAb: a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingjie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"90467_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450110068029","volume":"264","author":"A Stagnaro-Green","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stagnaro-Green, A. Detection of At-Risk pregnancy by means of highly sensitive assays for thyroid autoantibodies. JAMA 264, 1422 (1990).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"90467_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101367","volume":"33","author":"F Ragusa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ragusa, F. et al. Hashimotos\u2019 thyroiditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 33, 101367 (2019).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"90467_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01340.x","volume":"7","author":"WMG Tunbridge","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tunbridge, W. M. G. et al. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin. Endocrinol. 7, 481\u2013493 (1977).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"90467_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9703-2","volume":"42","author":"DSA McLeod","year":"2012","unstructured":"McLeod, D. S. A. & Cooper, D. S. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity. Endocr 42, 252\u2013265 (2012).","journal-title":"Endocr"},{"key":"90467_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055450","volume":"8","author":"A Latina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Latina, A., Gullo, D., Trimarchi, F. & Benvenga, S. Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis: similar and dissimilar characteristics in neighboring areas. Possible implications for the epidemiology of thyroid Cancer. PLoS ONE. 8, e55450 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"90467_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.02.039","volume":"19","author":"GE Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung, G. E. et al. Longitudinal change in thyroid-stimulating hormone and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 848\u2013849e1 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"90467_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Are thyroid autoimmune diseases associated with cardiometabolic risks in a population with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone? Mediators. Inflamm. 2018, 1\u201310 (2018).","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1856137"},{"key":"90467_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S280231","volume":"13","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, C. et al. Elevated TPOAb is a strong predictor of Autoimmune Development in patients of type 2 diabetes Mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study. DMSO 13, 4369\u20134378 (2020).","journal-title":"DMSO"},{"key":"90467_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. The Presence of serum TgAb suggests lower risks for glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in Euthyroid General Population from a National Survey. Front. Endocrinol. 11, (2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00139"},{"key":"90467_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2012.10.002","volume":"41","author":"J Orgiazzi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Orgiazzi, J. Thyroid autoimmunity. Presse Med. 41, e611\u2013e625 (2012).","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"90467_CR11","first-page":"81","volume":"46","author":"P Sanders","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sanders, P. et al. Crystal structure of the TSH receptor bound to a blocking type TSHR autoantibody. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 46 (2), 81\u201399 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"90467_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj1954.22.339","volume":"22","author":"S MATSUZAKI","year":"1975","unstructured":"Matsuzaki, S. & Suzuki, M. Thyroid function and polyamines II. Thyrotropin stimulation of polyamine biosynthesis in the rat thyroid. Endocrinol. Japon. 22, 339\u2013345 (1975).","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Japon"},{"key":"90467_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13946","volume":"90","author":"J Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song, J., Shan, Z., Mao, J. & Teng, W. Serum polyamine metabolic profile in autoimmune thyroid disease patients. Clin. Endocrinol. 90, 727\u2013736 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"90467_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2020-0008","volume":"26","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. The correlation between metabolic disorders and Tpoab\/Tgab: A Cross-sectional Population-based study. Endocr. Pract. 26, 869\u2013882 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"90467_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/4551054a","volume":"455","author":"JK Nicholson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nicholson, J. K. & Lindon, J. C. Systems biology: metabonomics. Nature 455, 1054\u20131056 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"90467_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2019-0162","volume":"26","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Serum metabolomic patterns in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocr. Pract. 26, 82\u201396 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"90467_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0602","volume":"26","author":"CL Chng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chng, C. L. et al. Physiological and metabolic changes during the transition from hyperthyroidism to Euthyroidism in Graves\u2019 Disease. Thyroid 26, 1422\u20131430 (2016).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"90467_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Chen, D., Xu, K. & Ma, Z. Deciphering the metabolomics-based intervention of Yanghe Decoction on Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. Evid.-based Complement. Altern. Med. 2022, 1\u201329 (2022).","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6215573"},{"key":"90467_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2022-208290","volume":"76","author":"SN Dwivedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dwivedi, S. N., Kalaria, T. & Buch, H. Thyroid autoantibodies. J. Clin. Pathol. 76, 19\u201328 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"90467_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2619","volume":"7","author":"C Thomas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomas, C., Pellicciari, R., Pruzanski, M., Auwerx, J. & Schoonjans, K. Targeting bile-acid signalling for metabolic diseases. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 7, 678\u2013693 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov"},{"key":"90467_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2193-0","volume":"581","author":"C Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell, C. et al. Bacterial metabolism of bile acids promotes generation of peripheral regulatory T cells. Nature 581, 475\u2013479 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"90467_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2013","volume":"94","author":"R Mullur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mullur, R., Liu, Y. Y. & Brent, G. A. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol. Rev. 94, 355\u2013382 (2014).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"90467_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.02.003","volume":"388","author":"JA Lammel Lindemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lammel Lindemann, J. A., Angajala, A., Engler, D. A., Webb, P. & Ayers, S. D. thyroid hormone induction of human cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) in vitro. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 388, 32\u201340 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"90467_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0636","volume":"31","author":"I Kube","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kube, I. et al. Hypothyroidism increases cholesterol gallstone prevalence in mice by elevated hydrophobicity of primary bile acids. Thyroid 31, 973\u2013984 (2021).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"90467_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4640","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i29.4640","volume":"12","author":"ECS Ellis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ellis, E. C. S. Suppression of bile acid synthesis by thyroid hormone in primary human hepatocytes. WJG 12, 4640 (2006).","journal-title":"WJG"},{"key":"90467_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0730425","volume":"73","author":"T Kosuge","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kosuge, T., Beppu, T., Kodama, T., Hidai, K. & Idezuki, Y. Serum bile acid profile in thyroid dysfunction and effect of medical treatment. Clin. Sci. 73, 425\u2013429 (1987).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"90467_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02752.x","volume":"66","author":"K Poppe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Poppe, K., Velkeniers, B. & Glinoer, D. Thyroid disease and female reproduction. Clin. Endocrinol. 66, 309\u2013321 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"90467_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.06.010","volume":"32","author":"B Kelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelly, B. & Pearce, E. L. Amino assets: how amino acids support immunity. Cell. Metab. 32, 154\u2013175 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"key":"90467_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110409","volume":"38","author":"AG Cicatiello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cicatiello, A. G. et al. Thyroid hormone regulates glutamine metabolism and anaplerotic fluxes by inducing mitochondrial glutamate aminotransferase GPT2. Cell. Rep. 38, 110409 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"90467_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0229","volume":"239","author":"M Toral","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toral, M. et al. Thyroid hormones stimulate L-arginine transport in human endothelial cells. J. Endocrinol. 239, 49\u201362 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"90467_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M070730","volume":"58","author":"A Abe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abe, A., Hiraoka, M., Ohguro, H., Tesmer, J. J. & Shayman, J. A. Preferential hydrolysis of truncated oxidized glycerophospholipids by lysosomal phospholipase A2. J. Lipid Res. 58, 339\u2013349 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"90467_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0250-5","volume":"2","author":"JM Orozco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orozco, J. M. et al. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate signals glucose availability to mTORC1. Nat. Metab. 2, 893\u2013901 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"90467_CR33","first-page":"3299","volume":"186","author":"RD Michalek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michalek, R. D. et al. Cutting edge: distinct glycolytic and lipid oxidative metabolic programs are essential for effector and regulatory CD4\u2009+\u2009T cell subsets. J. I. 186, 3299\u20133303 (2011).","journal-title":"J. I"},{"key":"90467_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patsoukis, N. et al. PD-1 alters T-cell metabolic reprogramming by inhibiting glycolysis and promoting lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Nat. Commun. 6, (2015).","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7692"},{"key":"90467_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.09.028","volume":"40","author":"K Amrein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amrein, K., Lasky-Su, J. A., Dobnig, H. & Christopher, K. B. Metabolomic basis for response to high dose vitamin D in critical illness. Clin. Nutr. 40, 2053\u20132060 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"90467_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M706586200","volume":"283","author":"C Peter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peter, C. et al. Migration to apoptotic find-me signals is mediated via the phagocyte receptor G2A. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 5296\u20135305 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"90467_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701356911","volume":"40","author":"RB Mueller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mueller, R. B., Sheriff, A., Gaipl, U. S., Wesselborg, S. & Lauber, K. Attraction of phagocytes by apoptotic cells is mediated by lysophosphatidylcholine. Autoimmunity 40, 342\u2013344 (2007).","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"90467_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102257","volume":"50","author":"G Dang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dang, G. et al. T lymphocyte-derived extracellular vesicles aggravate abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting macrophage lipid peroxidation and migration via pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2. Redox Biol. 50, 102257 (2022).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"90467_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000090725","volume":"76","author":"SW Rabkin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rabkin, S. W. Effect of amiodarone on phospholipid content and composition in heart, lung, kidney and skeletal muscle: relationship to alteration of thyroid function. Pharmacology 76, 129\u2013135 (2006).","journal-title":"Pharmacology"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90467-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90467-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90467-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T11:13:07Z","timestamp":1742641987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90467-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["90467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-90467-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Approval No. 2021NO.073). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. According to national regulations and institutional requirements, written informed consent was not required for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9945"}}