{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:50:31Z","timestamp":1792785031542,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]},{"name":"PV Vara Prasad","award":["RSP2024R390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R390"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90736-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T07:58:30Z","timestamp":1741247910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Enhancing physio biochemical traits and yield of common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum with rice husk biochar and nano iron oxide under water stress"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jay Karan","family":"Sah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Mannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masuma","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Most. Tanjina","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Methila","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipanjoli Baral","family":"Dola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Zulfiqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Soufan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. V. Vara","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Djalovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"90736_CR1","first-page":"493","volume":"27","author":"HV Hunt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hunt, H. V., Shang, X. & Jones, M. K. Buckwheat: a crop from outside the Major Chinese Domestication Centres? A review of the Archaeobotanical, Palynological and genetic evidence. Veg. Hist. Archaeobotany. 27, 493\u2013506 (2018).","journal-title":"Veg. Hist. Archaeobotany"},{"key":"90736_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2020.1747387","volume":"40","author":"A Kumari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumari, A. & Chaudhary, H. K. Nutraceutical crop buckwheat: a concealed wealth in the lap of Himalayas. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 40, 539\u2013554 (2020).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"90736_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11631","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04538","volume":"68","author":"D Koval","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koval, D. et al. Buckwheat secondary metabolites: potential antifungal agents. J. Agric. Food Chem. 68, 11631\u201311643 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"90736_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs.19016","volume":"70","author":"I Kreft","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kreft, I. et al. Breeding buckwheat for Nutritional Quality. Breed. Sci. 70, 67\u201373 (2020).","journal-title":"Breed. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR5","unstructured":"Jacquemart, A. L., Cawoy, V., Kinet, J. M., Ledent, J. F. & Quinet, M. Is buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) still a Valuable Crop today? Eur. J. Plant. Sci. Biotechnol. 6, 1\u201310 (2012)."},{"key":"90736_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmad, M. et al. Impact of buckwheat stover-and pine nee-dle-derived biochars on Pb and As mobility, microbial community, and carbon stability in a contaminatedagricultural soil. J. Environ. Manage. 166, 131\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.10.006 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.10.006"},{"key":"90736_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2009.10.014","volume":"21","author":"L Alvarez-Jubete","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alvarez-Jubete, L., Arendt, E. K. & Gallagher, E. Nutritive value of pseudocereals and their increasing use as functional gluten-free ingredients. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 21, 106\u2013113 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"90736_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.02.050","volume":"203","author":"F Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu, F. Chemical Composition and Health effects of Tartary Buckwheat. Food Chem. 203, 231\u2013245 (2016).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"90736_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111178","volume":"137","author":"C Mart\u00ednez-Villaluenga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Villaluenga, C., Pe\u00f1as, E. & Hern\u00e1ndez-Ledesma, B. Pseudocereal grains: Nutritional Value, Health benefits and current applications for the development of Gluten-Free Foods. Food Chem. Toxicol. 137, 111178 (2020).","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"90736_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127653","volume":"335","author":"MN Huda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huda, M. N. et al. Treasure from Garden: Bioactive compounds of Buckwheat. Food Chem. 335, 127653 (2021).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"90736_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aubert, L., Decamps, C., Jacquemin, G. & Quinet, M. Comparison of Plant Morphology, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum Grown under Field Conditions in Belgium. Plants. 10, 258 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020258"},{"key":"90736_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.17957\/IJAB\/15.1692","volume":"25","author":"Y Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan, Y. Water Deficit and Recovery-Induced changes in Growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzymes and yield of two Tartary buckwheat genotypes. IJAB 25, 483\u2013491 (2021).","journal-title":"IJAB"},{"key":"90736_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13248","volume":"172","author":"L Aubert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aubert, L., Konr\u00e1dov\u00e1, D., Barris, S. & Quinet, M. Different Drought Resistance mechanisms between two buckwheat species Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum. Physiol. Plant. 172, 577\u2013586 (2020).","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"90736_CR14","first-page":"173","volume":"2","author":"R Rajakumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajakumar, R. & Sankar, J. Biochar for sustainable agriculture \u2013 a review. Int. J. Appl. Pure Sci. Agric. 2, 173\u2013184 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Pure Sci. Agric."},{"key":"90736_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.08.122","volume":"246","author":"FR Oliveira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira, F. R. et al. Environmental application of biochar: current status and perspectives. Bioresour Technol. 246, 110\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.08.122 (2017).","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol."},{"key":"90736_CR16","first-page":"8","volume":"62","author":"F Ahmed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed, F., Arthur, E., Plauborg, F. & Andersen, M. N. Biochar effects on maize physiology and water capacity of sandy subsoil. Mech. Agric. Conserv. Resour. 62, 8\u201313 (2016).","journal-title":"Mech. Agric. Conserv. Resour."},{"key":"90736_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lehmann, J. & Joseph, S. (eds.) Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation 2nd ed. (Routledge, 2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203762264.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203762264"},{"issue":"12","key":"90736_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.21475\/ajcs.18.12.12.p944","volume":"12","author":"MJI Shaon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shaon, M. J. I., Mannan, M. A., Khaliq, Q. A. & Rahman, M. M. Growth and yield response of maize to rice husk biochar. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 12 (12), 1813\u20131819 (2018).","journal-title":"Aust. J. Crop Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12700","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8904-x","volume":"24","author":"S Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali, S. et al. Biochar soil amendment on alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a critical review. Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. 24, 12700\u201312712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-017-8904-x (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut Res."},{"key":"90736_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy302025627","volume":"3","author":"G Cornelissen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cornelissen, G., Martinsen, V., Shitumbanuma, V. & Agronomy, V. A. Undefined. Biochar effect on maize yield and soil characteristics in five conservation farming sites in Zambia. mdpi com. 3, 256\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy302025627 (2013).","journal-title":"mdpi com."},{"key":"90736_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2016.07.037","volume":"147","author":"M Paneque","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paneque, M., Jose, M., Franco-Navarro, J. D., Colmenero-Flores, J. M. & Knicker, H. Effect of biochar amend-ment on morphology, productivity and water relations of sunflower plants under non-irrigation condi-tions. Catena 147, 280\u201328728 (2016).","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"90736_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2016.09.016","volume":"233","author":"C Bamminger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bamminger, C. et al. Short-term response of soil microor-ganisms to biochar addition in a temperate agroecosystem under soil warming. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 233, 308\u201331729 (2016).","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"90736_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2019.1566468","volume":"50","author":"I Manolikaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manolikaki, I. & Diamadopoulos, E. Positive effects of Biochar and Biochar-Compost on Maize Growth and Nutrient availability in two agricultural soils. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal. 50, 512\u2013526 (2019).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal."},{"key":"90736_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2015.04.010","volume":"158","author":"SS Akhtar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akhtar, S. S., Andersen, M. N. & Liu, F. Residual effects of biochar on improving growth, physiology and yield of wheat under salt stress. Agric. Water Manag. 158, 61\u20136831 (2015).","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag"},{"key":"90736_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-014-2294-3","volume":"395","author":"G Haider","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haider, G. et al. Biochar but not humic acid product amendment affected maize yields via improving plant-soil moisture relations. Plant. Soil. 395, 141\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-014-2294-3 (2015).","journal-title":"Plant. Soil."},{"key":"90736_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2020.10.00530","volume":"24","author":"I Haider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haider, I. et al. Potential effects of biocharapplication on mitigating the drought stress implications on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under variousgrowth stages. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 24, 974\u2013981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jscs.2020.10.00530 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Saudi Chem. Soc."},{"key":"90736_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kammann, C. & Graber, E. R. Biochar effects on plant ecophysiology. Biochar Environ. Manag. 423\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203762264-2133 (2019).","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203762264-2133"},{"key":"90736_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-016-2236-134","volume":"38","author":"S Lyu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyu, S., Du, G., Liu, Z., Zhao, L. & Lyu, D. Effects of biochar on photosystem function and activities of protectiveenzymes in Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. Under drought stress. Acta Physiol. Plant. 38, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11738-016-2236-134 (2016).","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"90736_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-820867","volume":"6","author":"J Flexas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Flexas, J., Bota, J., Loreto, F., Cornic, G. & Sharkey, T. D. Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3 plants. Plant Biol. 6, 1\u201311 (2004).","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"90736_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2016.119498835","volume":"47","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wei, Y. & Sun, J. Biochar Application promotes Growth parameters of Buckwheat and reduces theGrowth Difference. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal. 47, 1493\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00103624.2016.119498835 (2016).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal."},{"key":"90736_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2019.1566468","volume":"50","author":"I Manolikaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manolikaki, I. & Diamadopoulos, E. Positive effects of Biochar and Biochar-Compost on Maize Growth andNutrient availability in two agricultural soils. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal. 50, 512\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00103624.2019.1566468 (2019).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal."},{"key":"90736_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2020.1853149","volume":"52","author":"MAS Raza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raza, M. A. S. et al. Integrating Biochar,Rhizobacteria and Silicon for Strenuous Productivity of Drought stressed wheat. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal. 52, 338\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00103624.2020.1853149 (2021).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal."},{"key":"90736_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.081","volume":"28","author":"NM Alabdallah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alabdallah, N. M. & Hasan, M. M. Plant-based green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its effective role in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 28, 5631\u20135639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.05.081 (2021).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.24218\/jnat.2015.02","volume":"1","author":"A Hafeez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hafeez, A., Razzaq, A., Mahmood, T. & Jhanzab, H. M. Potential of copper nanoparticles to increase growth and yield of wheat. J. Nanosci. Adv. Technol. 1, 6\u201311 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"90736_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hashem, A. H., Abdelaziz, A. M., Askar, A. A., Fouda, H. M., Khalil, A. M., Abd-Elsalam,K. A., et al. Bacillus megaterium-mediated synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani in faba bean plants. J. Fungi 7, 195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7030195 .","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030195"},{"key":"90736_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111829","volume":"209","author":"T Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed, T. et al. Nanoparticle-based amelioration of drought stress and cadmium toxicity in rice via triggering the stress responsive genetic mechanisms and nutrient acquisition. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 209, 111829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111829 (2021).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"90736_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adrees, M. et al. Simultaneous mitigation of cadmium and drought stress in wheat by soil application of iron nanoparticles. Chemosphere 238, 124681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124681 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124681"},{"key":"90736_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s40011-016-0796-x","volume":"88","author":"A Maity","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maity, A. et al. Influence of metal nanoparticles (NPS) on germination and yield of oat (Avena sativa) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum). Pro Nat. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci. 88, 595\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40011-016-0796-x (2018).","journal-title":"Pro Nat. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.05.011","volume":"12","author":"I Khan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khan, I., Saeed, K. & Khan, I. Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arab. J. Chemi. 12, 908\u2013931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.05.011 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Chemi"},{"key":"90736_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2503\/hortj.UTD-081","volume":"88","author":"A Abdelkhalik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdelkhalik, A. et al. Effect of deficit irrigation on the productive response of drip-irrigated onion (Allium cepa l.) in mediterranean conditions. Hortic. J. 88, 488\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2503\/hortj.UTD-081 (2019).","journal-title":"Hortic. J."},{"key":"90736_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185118","volume":"12","author":"J Ahmad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmad, J. et al. Drought and salinity induced changes in ecophysiology and proteomic profile of parthenium hysterophorus. PloS One. 12, e0185118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185118 (2017).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"90736_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14406","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01894","volume":"3","author":"M Djanaguiraman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Djanaguiraman, M., Nair, R., Giraldo, J. P. & Prasad, P. V. V. Cerium oxide nanoparticles decrease drought-induced oxidative damage in sorghum leading to higher photosynthesis and grain yield. ACS Omega. 3, 14406\u201314416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b01894 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"90736_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.05.019","volume":"124","author":"SM Zahedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zahedi, S. M., Hosseini, M. S., Meybodi, N. D. H. & Da Silva, J. Foliar application of selenium and nano-selenium affects pomegranate (Punica granatum Cv. Malase saveh) fruit yield and quality. South. Afri J. Bot. 124, 350\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.05.019 (2019).","journal-title":"South. Afri J. Bot."},{"key":"90736_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Nguyen, D., Nguyen, H. M., Le N. T., Nguyen, K. H., Nguyen, H. T., Le, H. M.,et al. Copper nanoparticle application enhances plant growth and grain yield in maize under drought stress conditions. J. Plant Growth Reg. 41, 364\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00344-021-10301-w .","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-021-10301-w"},{"issue":"12","key":"90736_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.21475\/ajcs.18.12.12.p944","volume":"12","author":"SJM Islam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Islam, S. J. M., Mannan, M. A., Khaliq, Q. A. & Rahman, M. M. Growth andyield response of maize to rice husk biochar. Australian J. CropScience. 12 (12), 1813\u20131819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21475\/ajcs.18.12.12.p944 (2018).","journal-title":"Australian J. CropScience"},{"key":"90736_CR46","unstructured":"Sigma, A. Certificate of Analysis. Iron (II, III) oxide-nanopowder, 50\u2013100 nm particle size (SEM), 97% trace metal basis. (2016). 3050 Spruce Street, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA."},{"key":"90736_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2021.105479","volume":"73","author":"MA Sandhya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sandhya, M. A., Johnson, R. C., Carver, B. F. & Harun, W. S. W. Ultrasonication an intensifying tool for preparation of stable nanofluids and study the time influence on distinct properties of graphene nanofluids \u2013 a systematic overview. Ultrason. Sonochem. 73, 105479 (2021).","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem"},{"key":"90736_CR48","first-page":"41","volume":"57 91","author":"MA Mannan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mannan, M. A. et al. Response of buckwheat to salinity: III. Water status and accumulation of mineral ions. Trop. Agric. Dev. 57 91, 41\u201348 (2013).","journal-title":"Trop. Agric. Dev."},{"key":"90736_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2017.01.001","volume":"5","author":"L Yuping","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yuping, L., Hongbin, L., Yuanyuan, L. & Suiqi, Z. Improving water-use efficiency by decreasing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate to maintain higher ear photosynthetic rate in drought-resistant wheat. Crop J. 5, 231\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cj.2017.01.001 (2017).","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"90736_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mannan, M. A. et al. Biostimulant red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. Liui) extracts spray improves yield and drought tolerance in buckwheat. PeerJ. Jun 23; 11, e15588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.15588. (2023).","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15588"},{"issue":"2","key":"90736_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2011.03.035","volume":"129","author":"MM Rady","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rady, M. M. Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on growth, yield, antioxidant system and cadmium content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants under salinity and cadmium stress. Sci. Hort. 129 (2), 232\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scienta.2011.03.035 (2011).","journal-title":"Sci. Hort."},{"issue":"1","key":"90736_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-9452(00)00273-9","volume":"157","author":"KR Rao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rao, K. R. & Sresty, T. V. S. Antioxidative parameters in the seedlings of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) in response to Zn and Ni stresses. Plant Sci. 157 (1), 113\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0168-9452(00)00273-9 (2000).","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"90736_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00018060","volume":"39","author":"LS Bates","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P. & Teare, I. D. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant. Soil. 39 (1), 205\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00018060 (1973).","journal-title":"Plant. Soil."},{"key":"90736_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50870-5","volume":"195","author":"H Somogyi","year":"1952","unstructured":"Somogyi, H. Notes on sugar determination. J. Biol. Chem. 195, 19\u201323 (1952).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"90736_CR55","first-page":"59","volume":"151","author":"V Velikova","year":"2000","unstructured":"Velikova, V., Yordanov, I. & Edreva, A. Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants. Protective role Exogenous Polyamines Plant. Sci. 151, 59\u201366 (2000).","journal-title":"Protective role Exogenous Polyamines Plant. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"90736_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.09.034","volume":"103","author":"S Okonogi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Okonogi, S., Duangrat, C., Anuchpreeda, S., Tachakittirungrod, S. & ChowwanapooNPsohn, S. Comparison of antioxidant capacities and cytotoxicities of certain fruit peels. Food Chem. 103 (3), 839\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.09.034 (2007).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"90736_CR57","unstructured":"Gomez, K. A. & Gomez, A. A. Statistical procedures for agricultural research (2nd edition). International Rice Research Institute. John Willey and Sons, Inc. Singapore. pp. 139\u2013240. (1984)."},{"key":"90736_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01915","volume":"8","author":"SA Alam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alam, S. A. et al. Effects of Competition, Drought stress and Photosynthetic Productivity on the Radial Growth of White Spruce in Western Canada. Front. Plant. Sci. 8, 1915 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.11.068","volume":"129","author":"M Caser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caser, M. et al. Drought stress adaptation modulates plant secondary metabolite production in Salvia Dolomitica Codd. Ind. Crop Prod. 129, 85\u201396 (2019).","journal-title":"Ind. Crop Prod."},{"key":"90736_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saudy, H. S., El-Bially, M. E., Hashem, F. A., Shahin, M. G. & El-Gabry, Y. A. The changes in yield response factor, Water Use Efficiency, and physiology of sunflower owing to ascorbic and citric acids application under mild deficit irrigation. Gesunde Pflanz. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10343-022-00736-w (2022).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-022-00736-w"},{"key":"90736_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9110712","volume":"9","author":"OB Ojuederie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ojuederie, O. B., Olanrewaju, O. S. & Babalola, O. O. Plant Growth promoting Rhizobacterial Mitigation of Drought stress in crop plants: implications for sustainable agriculture. Agronomy 9, 11\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy9110712 (2019).","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"90736_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-021-00557-3","volume":"73","author":"IM El-Metwally","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Metwally, I. M. & Saudy, H. S. Interactional impacts of Drought and Weed stresses on Nutritional Status of seeds and Water Use Efficiency of Peanut plants grown in arid conditions. Gesunde Pflanz. 73, 407\u2013416 (2021).","journal-title":"Gesunde Pflanz"},{"key":"90736_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s11738","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-017-2502-x","volume":"39","author":"Y Rahimi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rahimi, Y., Taleei, A. & Ranjbar, M. Changes in the expression of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of menthol and menthofuran in Mentha Piperita L. under drought stress. Acta Physiol. Plant. 39, s11738\u2013s11017 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"90736_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.06.014","volume":"118","author":"G Cui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cui, G. et al. Beneficial effects of melatonin in overcoming drought stress in wheat seedlings. Plant. Physiol. Biochem. 118, 138\u2013149 (2017).","journal-title":"Plant. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"90736_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64323-2_18","volume-title":"Mitigating Environmental Stresses for Agricultural Sustainability in Egypt","author":"MF Seleiman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seleiman, M. F. & Hafez, E. M. Optimizing Inputs Management for Sustainable Agricultural Development. In Mitigating Environmental Stresses for Agricultural Sustainability in Egypt (eds Awaad, H., Abu-hashim, M. & Negm, A.) 487\u2013507 (Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2021)."},{"key":"90736_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10060790","volume":"10","author":"MF Seleiman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seleiman, M. F. et al. Effects of ZnO nanoparticles and Biochar of Rice Straw and cow manure on characteristics of contaminated soil and sunflower Productivity, Oil Quality, and Heavy metals Uptake. Agronomy 10, 790 (2020).","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"90736_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-020-00253-7","volume":"20","author":"A Sattar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sattar, A. et al. Interactive effect of biochar and silicon on improving morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of maize by reducing drought hazards. J. Soil. Sci. Plant. Nutr. 20, 1819\u20131826 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Soil. Sci. Plant. Nutr."},{"key":"90736_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1080\/03650340.2019.1610168","volume":"66","author":"NR Pandit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pandit, N. R. et al. Nutrient effect of various composting methods with and without biochar on soil fertility and maize growth. Arch. Agron. Soil. Sci. 66, 250\u2013265 (2019).","journal-title":"Arch. Agron. Soil. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.12592","volume":"36","author":"OY Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu, O. Y., Harperm, M., Hoepfl, M. & Domermuth, D. Characterization of biochar and its effects on the water holding capacity of loamy sand soil: comparison of hemlock biochar and switchblade grass biochar characteristics. Environ. Prog Sustain. Energy. 36, 1474\u20131479 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Prog Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"90736_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113076","volume":"295","author":"R Roy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roy, R. et al. Additions of Optimum Water, spent Mushroom Compost and Wood Biochar to improve the growth performance of Althaea rosea in Drought-Prone coal-mined spoils. J. Environ. Manag. 295, 113076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113076 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag"},{"key":"90736_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/03650340.2013.789870","volume":"60","author":"R Chintala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chintala, R., Mollinedo, J., Schumacher, T. E., Malo, D. D. & Julson, J. L. Effect of biochar on chemical properties of acidic soil. Arch. Agron. Soil. Sci. 60, 393\u2013404 (2014).","journal-title":"Arch. Agron. Soil. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992535","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.992535","volume":"13","author":"DB Dola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dola, D. B. et al. Nano-iron oxide accelerates growth, yield, and quality of Glycine max seed in water deficits. Front. Plant. Sci. 13, 992535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.992535 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-017-1839-9","volume":"12","author":"N Taran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taran, N. et al. Effect of zinc and copper nanoparticles on drought resistance of wheat seedlings. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 12, 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11671-017-1839-9 (2017).","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"90736_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-014-0348-8","volume":"5","author":"M Deepa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deepa, M., Sudhakar, P. & Nagamadhuri, K. V. First evidence on phloem transport of nanoscale calcium oxide in groundnut using solution culture technique. Appl. Nanosci. 5, 545\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13204-014-0348-8 (2015).","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"90736_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-013-0194-1","volume":"34","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu, Y. & Haijun, G. Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance in plants. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 34, 455\u2013472 (2014).","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"90736_CR76","first-page":"1","volume":"160","author":"A Zainul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zainul, A., Koyro, H. W., Huchzermeyer, B., Gul, B. & Khan, M. A. Impact of a biochar or a compost-biochar mixture on water relation, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of phragmites karka. Pedosphere 160, 1\u201322 (2017).","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"90736_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.650432","volume":"12","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield of peanut in response to biochar application. Front. Plant. Sci. 12, 1000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2021.650432 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"90736_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2017.04.008","volume":"25","author":"SP Meher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meher, S. P., Ashok, R. K. & Manohar, R. D. Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 25 (2), 285\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2017.04.008 (2018).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2018.1499766","volume":"49","author":"M Mohammadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohammadi, M. et al. Influence of nano-iron oxide and zinc sulfate on physiological characteristics of peppermint. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal. 49, 2315\u20132326 (2018).","journal-title":"Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant. Anal."},{"key":"90736_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pirvulescua, A., Salaa, F. & Boldea, M. Variation of chlorophyll content in sunflower under the influence of magnetic nanofluids, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics (ICNAAM-2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4912904 (2014).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4912904"},{"key":"90736_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.14720\/aas.2016.107.2.01","volume":"107","author":"M Janmohammadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Janmohammadi, M., Amanzadeh, T., Sabaghnia, N. & Dashti, S. Impact of foliar application of nano micronutrient fertilizers and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the growth and yield components of barley under supplemental irrigation. Acta Agric. Slov. 107, 265\u2013276 (2016).","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Slov."},{"key":"90736_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s40003-014-0113-y","volume":"3","author":"JC Tarafdar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarafdar, J. C., Raliya, R., Mahawar, H., Rathore, I. & and Development of zinc nanofertilizer to enhance crop production in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum). Agric. Res. 3, 257\u2013262 (2014).","journal-title":"Agric. Res."},{"key":"90736_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-020-10245-7","volume":"40","author":"M Farooq","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farooq, M. et al. Integration of seed priming and biochar application improves drought tolerance in cowpea. J. Plant. Growth Regul. 40, 1972\u20131980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00344-020-10245-7 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Plant. Growth Regul."},{"key":"90736_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J. et al. Impact of foliar application of syringic acid on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under heavy metal stress-insights into nutrient uptake, redox homeostasis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense. Front. Plant. Sci. 13, 950120 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.950120"},{"key":"90736_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887091","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.887091","volume":"13","author":"OA Al-Elwany","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Elwany, O. A. et al. Impact of folic acid in modulating antioxidant activity, osmoprotectants, anatomical responses, and photosynthetic efficiency of Plectranthus amboinicus under salinity conditions. Front. Plant. Sci. 13, 887091 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"90736_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13092213","volume":"13","author":"E Mady","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mady, E. et al. Evaluation of salicylic acid effects on growth, biochemical, yield, and Anatomical Characteristics of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) plants under salt stress conditions. Agronomy 13 (9), 2213 (2023).","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"90736_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbas, A. et al. NaCl stress, tissue specific na + and K + up-take and their effect on growth and physiology of Helianthus annuus L. and Solanum lycopersicum L. Sci. Hort. 326, 112454 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112454"},{"key":"90736_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10050630","volume":"10","author":"Y Hafez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hafez, Y. et al. Beneficial effects of biochar and chitosan on antioxidative capacity, osmolytes accumulation, and anatomical characters of water-stressed barley plants. Agron 10, 630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy10050630 (2020).","journal-title":"Agron"},{"key":"90736_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lashari, M. S., Ye, Y., Ji, H., Li, L., Kibue, G. W., Lu H., et al. Biochar\u2013manure compost in conjunction with pyroligneous solution alleviated salt stress and improved leaf bioactivity of maize in a saline soil from central China: a 2-year field experiment.J. Sci. Food Agric. 95, 1321\u20131327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.6825 .","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6825"},{"key":"90736_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun, L., Song, F., Guo, J., Zhu, X., Liu, S., Liu, F., et al. Nano-ZnO-induced drought tolerance is associated with melatonin synthesis and metabolism in maize. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21030782 .","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030782"},{"key":"90736_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10112400","volume":"10","author":"M El-Zohri","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Zohri, M., Al-Wadaani, N. A. & Bafeel, S. O. Foliar sprayed green zinc oxide nanoparticles mitigate drought-induced oxidative stress in tomato. Plants 10, 2400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants10112400 (2021).","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"90736_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, L.-S., Li, K., Wang, Q.-M., Song, X.-Y., Su, H.-N., Xie, B.-B., et al. Nitrogen starvation impacts the photosynthetic performance of porphyridium cruentum as revealed by chlorophyll a fluorescence. Sci. Rep. 7, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-08428-6 .","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08428-6"},{"key":"90736_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/jac.12222","volume":"203","author":"M Farooq","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farooq, M., Nawaz, A., Chaudhry, M., Indrasti, R. & Rehman, A. Improving resistance against terminal drought in bread wheat by exogenous application of proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 203, 464\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jac.12222 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Agron. Crop Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.14720\/aas.2016.107.2.11","volume":"107","author":"H Mohammadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohammadi, H., Esmailpour, M. & Gheranpaye, A. Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and water-deficit stress on morpho-physiological characteristics of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica l.) plants. Acta Agricul Slo. 107, 385\u2013396 (2016).","journal-title":"Acta Agricul Slo"},{"key":"90736_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gohari G., Mohammadi A., Akbari A., Panahirad S., Dadpour M. R., Fotopoulos V., et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) promote growth and ameliorate salinity stress effects on essential oil profile and biochemical attributes of Dracocephalum moldavica. Sci. Rep. 10, 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-57794-1 .","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57794-1"},{"key":"90736_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-020-1282-5","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Liu, N., Wang, W., Sun, J. & Zhu, L. Photosynthesis and related metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa l.) growth by TiO2 nanoparticles. Front. Environ. Sci. Engin. 14, 1\u201312 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Engin"},{"key":"90736_CR97","first-page":"93","volume":"10","author":"V Kardavan Ghabel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kardavan Ghabel, V. & Karamian, R. The effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and spermine on physiological responses of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra l.) to cold stress. J. Plant. Physiol. Breed. 10, 93\u2013110 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Plant. Physiol. Breed."},{"key":"90736_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112519","volume":"223","author":"H Mustafa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mustafa, H. et al. Biosynthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its effects along with calcium phosphate on physicochemical attributes of wheat under drought stress. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 223, 112519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112519 (2021).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"90736_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan, Z. et al. The application of biochar alleviated the adverse effects of drought on the growth, physiology, yield and quality of rapeseed through regulation of soil status and nutrients availability. Ind. Crops Prod. 171 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113878 (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113878"},{"issue":"6","key":"90736_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00572-016-0693-4","volume":"26","author":"BS Mickan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mickan, B. S., Abbott, L. K., Stefanova, K. & Solaiman, Z. M. Interactions between biochar and mycorrhizal fungi in a water-stressed agricultural soil. Mycorrhiza 26 (6), 565\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00572-016-0693-4 (2016).","journal-title":"Mycorrhiza"},{"issue":"3","key":"90736_CR101","first-page":"515","volume":"60","author":"A Batool","year":"2023","unstructured":"Batool, A., Rashid, A. & Aziz, I. Amending soil with Rhizobium carrying Biochar ameliorates Drought stress on Phaseolus vulgaris: Drought stress amelioration in Phaseolus using Biochar. Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sciences: B Life Environ. Sci. 60 (3), 515\u2013537 (2023).","journal-title":"Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sciences: B Life Environ. Sci."},{"key":"90736_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-019-0361-8","volume":"5","author":"R Mega","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mega, R. et al. Tuning water-use efficiency and drought tolerance in wheat using abscisic acid receptors. Nat. Plants. 5, 153\u2013159 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"90736_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghazouani, H., Ibrahimi, K., Amami, R., Helaoui, S., Boughattas, I., Kanzari, S., Sher F. (2023). Integrative effect of activated biochar to reduce water stress impact and enhance antioxidant capacity in crops Sci. Total Environ. 905, Article 166950.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166950"},{"key":"90736_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zulfiqar, B., Raza, M.A.S., Saleem, M.F., Aslam, M.U., Iqbal, R., Muhammad, F., Khan, I.H. (2022). Biochar enhances wheat crop productivity by mitigating the effects of drought: insights into physiological and antioxidant defense mechanisms. PLoS ONE,17 (4), Article e0267819.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267819"},{"key":"90736_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11182411","volume":"11","author":"J Gharred","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gharred, J. et al. Impact of biochar application at water shortage on biochemical and physiological processes in medicago ciliaris. Plant 11, 2411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants11182411 (2022).","journal-title":"Plant"},{"key":"90736_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcn125","volume":"103","author":"MM Chaves","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaves, M. M., Flexas, J. & Pinheiro, C. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot. 103, 551\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aob\/mcn125 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"90736_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152648","volume":"813","author":"P Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, P. et al. Preparation of ball-milled phosphorus-loaded biochar and its highly effective remediation for Cd- and Pb-contaminated alkaline soil. Sci. Total Environ. 813, 152648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152648 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"90736_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dusenge, M. E. & Duarte, A. G. D.A. Way Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration New Phytol. 221 (1), 32\u201349 (2019).","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15283"},{"key":"90736_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-021-00522-z","volume":"21","author":"E Yildirim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yildirim, E., Ekinci, M. & Turan, M. Impact of biochar in mitigating the negative effect of drought stress on cabbage seedlings. J. Soil. Sci. Plant. Nutr. 21, 2297\u20132309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42729-021-00522-z (2021).","journal-title":"J. Soil. Sci. Plant. Nutr."},{"key":"90736_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2021.106940","volume":"253","author":"M Mannan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mannan, M., Mia, S., Halder, E. & Dijkstra, F. A. Biochar application rate does not improve plant water availability in soybean under drought stress. Agric. Water Manage. 253, 106940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agwat.2021.106940 (2021).","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"issue":"100424","key":"90736_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpb.2024.100424","volume":"40","author":"B Zulfiqar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zulfiqar, B. et al. Combined application of biochar and silicon nanoparticles enhance soil and wheat productivity under drought: insights into physiological and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Curr. Plant. Biology. 40 (100424), 2214\u20136628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpb.2024.100424 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Plant. Biology"},{"key":"90736_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, J. et al. Melatonin increased maize (Zea mays L.) seedling drought tolerance by alleviating drought-induced photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage. Acta Physiol. Plant. 38, s11738-015 (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-015-2045-y"},{"key":"90736_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.12692\/ijb\/14.3.376-387","volume":"14","author":"R Iqbal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iqbal, R. et al. Foliar applied iron and zinc improves the growth, physiological and yield 704 related traits of wheat under drought. Int. J. Biosci. 14, 376\u2013387 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biosci."},{"key":"90736_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3390\/land10111125","volume":"10","author":"MS Zaheer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zaheer, M. S. et al. Potential effects of biochar application for improving wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) growth and soil biochemical properties under drought stress conditions. Land. (Basel). 10, 1125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land10111125 (2021).","journal-title":"Land. (Basel)"},{"key":"90736_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.06.020","volume":"50","author":"H Sabet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sabet, H. & Mortazaeinezhad, F. Yield, growth and Fe uptake of cumin (cuminum cyminum l.) affected by Fe-nano, Fe-chelated and Fe-siderophore fertilization in the calcareous soils. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 50, 60\u2013154 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"90736_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.15835\/nsb224667","volume":"2","author":"R Sheykhbaglou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sheykhbaglou, R., Sedghi, M., Shishevan, M. T. & Sharifi, R. S. Effects of nano-iron oxide particles on agronomic traits of soybean. Not Sci. Biol. 2, 112\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15835\/nsb224667 (2010).","journal-title":"Not Sci. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"90736_CR117","first-page":"67","volume":"25","author":"DB Dola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dola, D. B. & Mannan, M. A. Foliar Application effects of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on Growth, Yield and Drought Tolerance of soybean. Bangladesh Agron. J. 25 (2), 67\u201376 (2022).","journal-title":"Bangladesh Agron. J."},{"issue":"622","key":"90736_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11288","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04554-y","volume":"26","author":"S Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali, S. et al. Combined use of biochar and zinc oxide nanoparticle foliar spray improved the plant growth and decreased the cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26 (622), 11288\u201311299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-019-04554-y (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"90736_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55924-7","volume":"14","author":"S Gill","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gill, S. et al. Effect of silicon nanoparticle-based biochar on wheat growth, antioxidants and nutrients concentration under salinity stress. Sci. Rep. 14, 6380 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"90736_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3390\/su14020723","volume":"14","author":"AWM Mahmoud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahmoud, A. W. M. et al. Nanopotassium, nanosilicon, and biochar applications improve potato salt tolerance by modulating photosynthesis, water status, and biochemical constituents. Sustainability 14, 723 (2022).","journal-title":"Sustainability"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90736-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90736-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90736-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T19:06:09Z","timestamp":1741287969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90736-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["90736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-90736-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"We all authors are confirming that our experimental research on plants was comply in accordance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement on IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at risk of extinction and the convention on the Trade<!--Too long, content removed-->"}}],"article-number":"7859"}}